Overview of the main changes since the previous report update

Author

Portuguese Refugee Council Visit Website

The report was previously updated in July 2024.

Background information – transition from SEF to AIMA as asylum authority 

The reform of the national asylum authority[1] culminated in 2023 with the creation of the Agency for Integration, Migration and Asylum (AIMA), which began its operations on 29 October.[2] Until that date, SEF remained the national asylum authority. Accordingly, from 29 October 2023, AIMA’s National Centre for Asylum and Refugees (CNAR) became the specialised determining authority in the field of asylum. The institutional change also entailed that existing general police forces became responsible for border control and for executing expulsion decisions.

According to CPR’s analysis, while the transition process was quite long, it was neither gradual, nor participatory. Notably, it did not include a sustained strategy of cooperation with other relevant public entities and with civil society organisations.

While the separation between administrative and law enforcement-related competencies is a positive element, the beginning of AIMA’s operation presented multiple challenges and potential protection shortcomings. With regards to asylum in particular, in 2024 CPR continued to observe multiple gaps in the implementation of legal norms concerning the asylum procedure and reception conditions, without proper account to the need to ensure the continuity of services despite institutional reforms.[3]

2024 continued to be a particularly challenging year for civil society organisations involved in the provision of assistance to applicants for and beneficiaries of international protection as organisations were still facing significant financial constraints leading to delays in payments, as well as experiencing repercussions of delays in the provision of AMIF funding at national level.[4]

In June 2024, the Government announced a national plan for migration and asylum[5] as a response to problems and challenges it identified, namely:

• Defective process of termination of SEF;
• Operational incapacity of AIMA, with a backlog of 400,000 pending procedures (all procedures combined);
• Significant operational disruptions in border control systems;
• Inoperability of the return system;
• Degradation of the system and policies for integrating migrants and applicants for and beneficiaries of international protection and difficulties in accessing education, healthcare and other services;
• Depletion of the capacity of administrative detention facilities and existing reception centres;
• Significant increase in the number of foreign citizens in a context of vulnerability and exclusion; and
• Growth of human trafficking networks, exploitation and irregular immigration.

Among the 41 measures and policies the Government has announced to tackle these matters, the subsequent developments culminated as follows in 2024:

• The Observatory for Migration (Observatório para as Migrações, OM) was reinstated by Decree-Law in June 2024[6] as a body within AIMA’s structure whose mission is to produce, collect, process and disseminate information and knowledge on the phenomenon of migration;
• The Mission Structure of AIMA (Estrutura de Missão da AIMA) was established by Resolution of the Council of Ministers in July 2024[7], under the responsibility of the Minister of the Presidency, becoming responsible for processing and finalising pending cases for the granting and renewal of residence permits until 2 June 2025. According to CPR’s observation, this measure had no impact on the processing of asylum applications. AIMA did not provide any indication of this either;
• The National Council for Migrations and Asylum (Conselho Nacional para as Migrações e Asilo, CNMA) was created by Decree-Law in August 2024[8] and thus made autonomous from AIMA, becoming a governmental advisory body on national migration and asylum policy and strategy;
• A working group with the mission of preparing, coordinating and ensuring the execution of the national implementation plan was set up by the Government in October 2024.[9] A first version of the national implementation plan was submitted to the EU in December 2024. The Government planned a more advanced version for the beginning of 2025, after national discussions in Parliament and in the National Council for Migration and Asylum;
• The creation of the Immigration and Borders Unit (Unidade de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras, UEF) in the PSP was rejected by the parliamentary committee on Constitutional Affairs, Rights, Freedoms and Guarantees in December 2024.[10]

Background information – Legislative initiatives

In June 2024, the national Parliament approved a Parliamentary Resolution recommending that the Government, inter alia, call for the unconditional and safe release of Vladimir Kara-Murza and publicise Portugal’s willingness to receive him as a political exile, and adopt a humanitarian visa system as well as other reception forms in Portugal, for human rights defenders, pro-democracy activists and independent journalists.[11]

In December 2024, the national Parliament approved a Parliamentary Resolution recommending the Government to, inter alia, proceed with the urgent regularisation of Belarusian citizens living in Portugal who are affected by reprisals and persecution by the regime of Aleksandr Lukashenko, to adopt the necessary measures to ensure that AIMA provides adequate and complete information to Belarusians citizens on access to the national asylum system, and to consider granting Belarusians Portuguese passports to foreigners.[12]

International protection

• Key asylum statistics – first instance: According to the information provided by AIMA, in 2024, the Portuguese authorities registered 2,680 applications for international protection (including 46 made by persons relocated to Portugal). According to Eurostat data a total of 2,690 asylum applications were registered in Portugal in 2024.[13] The recognition rate stood at 1%, a very significant decrease (see Statistics). While the nature of the caseload of the asylum authority may vary from year to year, NGOs have highlighted many concerns with the asylum procedure and procedural safeguards in 2024 (see below).
• Key asylum statistics – appeals: According to CSTAF, a total of 459 appeals were lodged against negative asylum decisions in 2024, an increase of around 50% compared to 2023. The information provided by the CSTAF for 2024 regarding the outcome of judicial reviews of first instance decisions indicates a 32% success rate at appeal stage, which is an increase when compared to previous years (see Statistics).
• EU infringement procedure: As previously in the update on 2023, in January 2023, the European Commission announced having opened infringement procedures to Portugal “for failing to transpose in a fully conform manner all provisions” of both the Qualification and the Reception Conditions Directives.[14] Further information remained unavailable during 2024.

Asylum procedure

• Legal access to the territory: No one was resettled to Portugal in 2024 (see Legal access to the territory).
• Registration of asylum applications: Since the beginning of AIMA’s operation, CPR has observed/received reports of concerning practices pertaining to the registration of asylum applications. In 2024, applicants were forced to travel across the country to Lisbon in order to present/register an application in CNAR, after being refused in other AIMA’s premises with the exception of Porto and Coimbra. AIMA acknowledged these constraints. In a response to Parliament in March 2025,[15] the Government stated that the presentation of applications had temporarily been concentrated in Lisbon, Porto and Coimbra.[16] According to CPR’s observation, the impossibility of presenting/registering applications and obtaining information on cases outside these cities lasted throughout 2024 and at least the first semester of 2025 (see: Asylum Procedure – Registration of the asylum application).
• Delays in the processing of regular asylum applications: In a response to Parliament in May 2024, the Government stated that there were 4,000 international protection cases pending a decision[17][18] (see Regular procedure).
• Interviews: Concerning systematic practices regarding asylum interviews were and/or continued to be observed throughout 2024, particularly during the first half of the year, notably:[19]
  • Oversimplification of the interviews and of the questions asked to the applicants;
  • Interviews being conducted late in the night/early in the morning and following trips to different areas of the country;
  • Applicants systematically asked during the interview if they wish to be immediately notified of the decision of their asylum application without being informed that such a decision implies a relinquishment of their right to reply to the interview/case report and without having access to legal information and assistance before making a decision;
  • Applicants not being informed of the possibility to be interviewed in a language they understand with the assistance of an interpreter, despite clear difficulties in communicating in another language;
  • Applicants not being informed of their right to reply to the interview/case report and/or about their right to legal assistance;
  • Interpretation being widely provided by the Telephone Translation Service managed by AIMA, including in the case of unaccompanied children and detained applicants;
  • Frequent changes of practice by AIMA regarding the documents and procedures connected to the interview and the summary report, leading to lack of clarity and to an increase of potential violations of procedural rights (see Personal Interview).
• Length of appeals procedures: information provided by the High Council of Administrative and Fiscal Courts (Conselho Superior dos Tribunais Administrativos e Fiscais – CSTAF) regarding the duration of judicial reviews of first instance decisions reveals that, in 2024, the average duration of appeals at first instance courts was of 102 days (see Regular procedure – Appeals).
• Dublin: According to the information provided by AIMA, only 14 Dublin transfers were implemented out of the total of 211 outgoing requests, out of which 155 accepted. The transfer rate (calculated on the basis of accepted requests) was thus of 9% in 2024.[20] (see Dublin).
• Resumption of the border procedure: The application of the border procedure was resumed in November 2023 and it has been systematically applied since then throughout 2024 and early 2025, including to vulnerable applicants. CPR has observed a number of problematic practices impacting the procedural guarantees of asylum applicants subjected to the border procedure and the corresponding use of detention (as well as detention conditions) (see Border procedure).
• Vulnerable applicants – treatment of women and girls: In May 2025, the Group of Experts on Action against Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (GREVIO) published its first report on Portugal, focusing on access to support, protection and justice.[21] GREVIO expressed concern as to the lack of a mechanism to systematically screen, identify and refer the needs of women seeking and/or benefiting from international protection victims of violence. While praising the creation of AIMA as a single agency dealing with asylum and migration, GREVIO urged the development of ‘its potential in order to offer comprehensive support and protection to women and girls who are seeking asylum or have been granted refugee status, including through the training of AIMA staff on issues of gender-based violence’[22] (see Guarantees for vulnerable groups).
• Subsequent applications: During 2024, CPR became aware that AIMA was not registering subsequent applications and instead notifying applicants to submit, within 5 working days, new facts, information or evidence, in order to assess whether to register the new application. At the time, AIMA did not clarify this practice,[23] which seemed to change at the end of the year (see Subsequent applications).[24]
• Safe country of origin: While AIMA has confirmed that there is no list of safe countries of origin, according to CPR’s observation, the use of the safe country of origin concept significantly increased in 2024 compared to previous years. Notably, in most cases this ground was used solely by citing the legal provision and in conjunction with other provisions. Designation of a country as safe however was not consistent between cases (see Safe country of origin).
• Safe third country: Similarly, while AIMA confirmed that there is no list of safe third countries, according to CPR’s observation, the number of inadmissibility decisions on safe third country grounds significantly increased in 2024 compared to previous years. This ground was mainly used in conjunction with other provisions. The reasons provided for such decisions did not engage with the legal requirements for the application of the concept and consequent inadmissibility of the asylum application, and did not include an individual assessment (see Safe third country).
• Differential treatment of specific nationalities in the procedure: Following the fall of Bashar Al Assad’s regime and the stance of some EU Member States, in December 2024 the Government guaranteed that no change would occur in the international protection status of the Syrian population in Portugal, nor would any change be introduced to the processing of asylum applications for the time being. It further stated that it would continue to monitor the situation and that any future decision would be in line with the EU[25] (see Differential treatment of specific nationalities in the procedure).

Reception conditions

• Structure of provision of reception by AIMA: Until the end of the first half of 2024, AIMA provided accommodation directly through the youth hostel network (Movijovem – Pousadas da Juventude). According to AIMA, this was a contingency plan. In the second semester of 2024, AIMA expanded the reception capacity and signed MoUs and contract services with new reception entities in addition to CPR: Adolescere, Convento Balsamão, JRS, and Together International (see Reception conditions).
• Issues in the provision of material reception conditions: In 2024, CPR received consistent reports of people who faced challenges in presenting asylum applications across the country and were moreover not referred to reception solutions. There were also reports of a lack of information and social support and/or reception solutions even after an asylum application has been lodged. Moreover, until the end of the first semester of 2024, CPR received consistent reports of significant issues impacting asylum applicants who were provided accommodation directly by AIMA, namely: lack of information, isolation, lack of means to access AIMA’s services, lack of access to material reception conditions (including food), instances of withdrawal of accommodation immediately following notification of a negative decision (in violation of the applicable legal framework), frequent and often unannounced changes of place of accommodation, and lack of response to specific needs (including access to health care) (see Reception conditions).
• Reception response after release from detention: CPR is aware that in some cases in 2024 release from detention was delayed due to the lack of reception response on the national territory. Upon release from detention, asylum applicants may face challenges in accessing reception conditions as AIMA claims not being responsible for reception of applicants already notified of a decision on admissibility, inadmissibility or rejection in an accelerated procedure. On some occasions, PSP had to take action to identify solutions, namely by contacting the social emergency line (144) (see The right to reception and sufficient resources).
• Right to education: A number of legal provisions on education were published in 2024 and beginning of 2025, namely:
  • Students who enter the Portuguese education system during the academic year in which the exams must be taken may be exempted from taking final exams up to the 9th year of basic education. This includes ‘students under the refugee or international protection regimes, and who are flagged as Portuguese as a Non-Native Language students’;[26]
  • Approval of a new learning recovery plan, in which learning Portuguese is deemed as a fundamental pillar for promoting inclusion, equity and academic success, and provides a tailor-made approach to the linguistic needs and background of each student;[27]
  • Adoption, inter alia, of measures such as level zero for students who are unfamiliar with the Portuguese language and alphabet; and organisation of classes of ‘Portuguese as a Non-Native Language’ based on student’s level rather than their year of schooling;[28]
  • Without prejudice to the previous equivalence regime, establishment of a new framework for a simplified school placement of children. Schools can approve placement without the need for a formal equivalency process, which remains applicable in other circumstances and at other levels of education (from the 9th year of Portuguese basic education onwards, excluding certification of completion of the 9th grade, to which it does not apply)[29] (see Access to Education).
• Health care: In December 2024, the Parliament approved a draft law to ban applicants for international protection in admissibility or accelerated procedures from being beneficiaries of the National Health Service (SNS), requiring them to pay the full cost of access, except in emergency situations.[30] The initiative was approved on the general voting. It was not discussed and voted on in the specialised committee due to the Government’s collapse in March 2025 (see Health care).

Detention of asylum applicants

• Resumption of the border procedure: The application of border procedures and of detention of asylum applicants subjected to border procedures was resumed by the beginning of November 2023, after being suspended for approximately 3 and a half years. It is publicly known that in the last quarter of 2023 and beginning of 2024, asylum applicants and other migrants refused entry into national territory at Lisbon airport were frequently detained in the transit zone of the airport in appalling conditions due to the lack of capacity of the corresponding detention facility[31] (see Border procedure and Detention).
• Detention statistics: PSP reported that a total of 392 asylum applicants were subject to administrative detention, of which 347 at the border (refusal of entry and asylum application made at the border) and 45 at CIT-UHSA (within the context of a removal procedure).
• Detention of vulnerable applicants: PSP confirmed that there is no formal and systematic mechanism of identification of vulnerabilities at border points. Information collected by CPR indicates the systematic detention of children accompanied by family members and other particularly vulnerable persons, such as pregnant women, sick people, victims of torture/violence and others. Despite the fact that responsibility for promoting special procedural guarantees that could lead to the release from detention lies with AIMA, it seems that the Agency has no decision-making power on the conditions and maintenance of detention of asylum applicants at the border (see Detention of vulnerable applicants).
• Detention conditions: CPR received consistent reports according to which significant numbers of asylum applicants remained detained in the transit area of the airport for prolonged periods of time in conditions that are incompatible with human dignity. For instance, people sleeping in airport seats/floor/camp beds and not having access to bedclothes, personal items, and personal hygiene facilities on a systematic basis. CPR has also received reports that the food provided (mostly sandwiches) was not adequate and did not fulfil nutritional needs. This situation has also been publicly condemned by the National Preventive Mechanism[32] (see Detention conditions).

Content of international protection

• Cessation and review of protection status: In cases of family reunification procedures where the sponsor acquires Portuguese nationality, CPR identified that it is AIMA’s practice not to renew residence permits for reunited family members and instead refer them to the law regulating the free movement and residence of EU citizens and their families in national territory^[33] or to the regularisation regime under the Immigration Act. Both regimes require the presentation of documents from the country of origin. This practice, which AIMA confirmed this practice to CPR.^[34] CPR also identified the same practice in cases of child beneficiaries, who have gone through the asylum procedure in Portugal and whose granting of international protection was not previously considered autonomous but rather an extension of that of the adult. Children and other family members were not notified of any decision to cease the extension of international protection and therefore had no right to an adversarial hearing nor right to judicial review of the authority’s decision (see Cessation and review of protection status).

Temporary protection

The information given hereafter constitute a short summary of the Annex on Temporary Protection in 2024, for further information, see Annex on Temporary Protection.

• Key temporary protection statistics: According to AIMA’s ‘Migration and Asylum Report’ for 2023,[35] there were 54,432 beneficiaries of temporary protection registered in the country by the end of 2023, out of which 46,823 were Ukrainian citizens. Out of these, 7,519 were third country nationals that lived in Ukraine, mostly from Nigeria, Morocco, India, Algeria and Russia. AIMA did not provide information for 2024.[36] According to Eurostat’s data on granting of temporary protection, a total of 72,890 persons have been granted temporary protection in Portugal since the activation of the mechanism, out of which 7,120 in 2024.[37] 
• Duration of temporary protection: The duration of temporary protection was extended twice by the Portuguese Government in the course of 2024. In February 2024, the Government approved a Resolution that extended the validity of temporary protection residence permits until 31 December 2024. The Resolution also transferred the competencies previously allocated to SEF to AIMA.[38] In December 2024, the Government approved a Resolution extending the validity of temporary residence permits from 31 December 2024 to 1 March 2025.[39] In February 2025, a law amended Article 7 of the Temporary Protection Act to remove the previous time limit foreseen.[40] Previously, the law provided for a maximum time limit of three years of temporary protection, with all the extension periods. With the amendment, the extension of temporary protection may occur on the grounds that the reasons justifying its maintenance, recognised by a decision of the Council of the European Union and for the period indicated therein, still exist. Consequently, in March 2025, the Government approved a Resolution extending the validity of temporary residence permits from 1 March 2025 to 4 March 2026.[41]
• Registration under temporary protection: In the course of 2024, CPR became aware of cases of significant delays (up to one year) in the issuance of the certificates of temporary protection without any information being provided by the authorities to the persons concerned. This particularly impacted third-country nationals who lived in Ukraine, many of whom were family members of a Ukrainian citizen. This problem was also flagged by the Ombudsperson in the report to the Parliament covering 2023 (and published in 2024).[42] In response to Parliament in May 2024, the Government stated that there were 3,231 pending temporary protection cases.[43][44]
• Freedom of movement: In the report to the Parliament covering 2023 (and published in 2024), the Ombudsperson noted that there had been reports of a lack of response to requests for cancellation of temporary protection status submitted by beneficiaries who wished to move to another country where they would benefit from similar protection.[45] In the course of 2024, CPR has received similar complaints.

[1] For detailed information on the process and its origins prior to 2023, please refer to previous AIDA reports. Act n. 73/2021 of 12 November 2021 approving the restructure of the Portuguese system of border control, reshaping the regime of the forces and services responsible for internal security and establishing other rules for the redistribution of competences and resources of the Immigration and Borders Service, last amended by Act n. 53/2023, of 31 August 2023, available here.

[2] Decree-Law no. 41/2023, of 2 June 2023 creating the Agency for Integration, Migration and Asylum, I.P., available here; Ministerial Order no. 324-A/2023 of 27 October, approving the Statute of Agency for Integration, Migration and Asylum, I.P., available here.

[3] In the context of the right of reply of the authorities to the 2024 draft AIDA report (22 August 2025), AIMA affirmed that in response to a significant increase in applications for international protection registered from February 2024 onwards, accelerated procedures were temporarily implemented, with close monitoring by UNHCR, which made several visits and supervised the procedural steps taken during this period. Following a decrease in the number of applications for international protection and a change in strategic direction adopted by the new AIMA Board of Directors in July 2024, a comprehensive assessment of the processes was carried out. According to AIMA, standard case processing was reinstated during the second half of 2024 and has remained in effect to date.

According to CPR’s observation, and as described throughout the report, these ‘temporarily accelerated procedures’ were adopted to the detriment of imperative procedural guarantees and reception conditions. The fact that most applications were considered unfounded or inadmissible during this period is not in itself evidence of the need for these ‘temporarily accelerated procedures’, but it rather raises serious concerns regarding the quality of the analysis conducted by the authorities.

[4] On the one hand, there were significant delays in the provision of AMIF funding at national level, on the other since the beginning of its operations AIMA publicly stated that it wanted to evaluate the provision of services by the organisation before renewing any cooperation frameworks. While AIMA and CPR signed a contract for the provision of accommodation for a limited number of asylum applicants in January 2024, this did not ensure the payment of services previously ensured by the organisation and did not provide sufficient resources for CPR to continue ensuring the usual reception model. In fact, by the end of the 2023 and 2024 the organisation often faced financial constraints leading to delays in the payment of financial allowances to asylum applicants and salaries to employees. See, for instance: Público, Conselho Português para os Refugiados confirma salários e verbas em atraso, 8 January 2024, available here. Within the context of the right of reply of the authorities to the 2023 draft AIDA report, AIMA affirmed that it has expanded reception capacity and that the procedures adopted aimed to ensure transparency. It also confirmed that the transition between financial frameworks created constraints, but asserted that such constraints had been overcome by June 2024. Nevertheless, CPR was still experiencing the aforementioned repercussions at the beginning of 2025.

[5] Presidência do Conselho de Ministros, Plano de Ação para as Migrações: Problemas, Desafios, Princípios e Ações, June 2024, available here.

[6] Decree-Law no. 41-A/2024, of 28 June 2024 restructuring the Observatory for Migration, available here.

[7] Resolution of the Council of Ministers no. 87/2024, of 10 July 2024 creating the Mission Structure for the Recovery of Pending Cases at AIMA, available here.

[8] Decree-Law no. 53/2024, of 30 August 2024 creating the National Council for Migrations and Asylum, available here.

[9] Order no. 11856-A/2024, of 07 October 2024, available here.

[10] RTP, Chumbo de unidade de estrangeiros, 18 December 2024, available here.

[11] Resolução da Assembleia da República no. 34/2024, 5 June 2024, available here.

[12] Resolução da Assembleia da República no. 17/2025, 17 January 2025, available here.

[13] Eurostat, Asylum applicants by type, citizenship, age and sex – annual aggregated data, available here.

[14] European Commission, January Infringements package: key decisions, 26 January 2023, available here. See also: Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA), Asylum and Migration: Progress Achieved and Remaining Challenges, p.29, April 2023, available here.

[15] Assembleia da República, Pergunta 1034/XVI/1, Acesso ao sistema de asilo, February 2025, available here.

[16] Assembleia da República, Resposta à Pergunta 1034/XVI/1, Acesso ao sistema de asilo, March 2025, available here.

[17] Assembleia da República, Pergunta 25/XVI/1, Constrangimentos nas respostas da Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo, April 2024, available here.

[18] Assembleia da República, Resposta à Pergunta 25/XVI/1, Constrangimentos nas respostas da Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo, May 2024, available here.

[19] In the context of the right of reply of the authorities to the 2024 draft AIDA report (22 August 2025), AIMA provided comments on the practices described below, which are presented and discussed in the relevant section, Personal Interview.

[20] The transfer rate on the basis of the overall number of outgoing requests was of 6.6%.

[21] Group of Experts on Action against Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (GREVIO), First thematic Evaluation Report – Portugal – Building trust by delivering support, protection and justice – 27 May 2025, available here.

[22] Ibid, para. 92.

[23] CPR questioned AIMA directly in May 2024.

[24] In the context of the right of reply of the authorities to the 2024 draft AIDA report (22 August 2025), AIMA clarified that in September 2024 with the aim of standardising procedures the Agency established that any subsequent application must be registered whenever the applicant expresses the intention to submit it.

[25] Público, Governo não mexe no estatuto de protecção dos 1500 sírios que estão em Portugal, 12 December 2024, available here.

[26] Legislative Order no. 4/2024, 21 February 2024, Article 12(7).

[27] Council of Ministers Resolution no. 140/2024, 17 October 2024.

[28] Order no. 29/2025, 7 February 2025.

[29] Decree-Law 7/2025, 11 February 2025.

[30] Draft Law no.382/XVI/1.ª, 9 December 2024, available here.

[31] See, for instance: Diário de Notícias, Requerentes de asilo “dormem em bancos” no aeroporto. Sindicato da PSP denuncia situação “caótica”, 3 December 2023, available here.

[32] See, for instance: SIC Notícias, Provedoria da Justiça denuncia situação “indigna” no centro de detenção do aeroporto de Lisboa, 24 January 2024, available here.

[33] Act no. 37/2006 of 9 August, available here.

[34] Information provided by AIMA directly to CPR in August 2024.

[35] AIMA, Relatório de Migrações e Asilo – 2023, September 2024, available here.

[36] Eurostat’s data indicates that by the end of December 2024, there were 61,240 registered beneficiaries in Portugal, available here.

[37] Eurostat, Decisions granting temporary protection by citizenship, age and sex – monthly data, available here.

[38] Resolution of the Council of Ministers no. 29/2024, 29 February 2024, available here.

[39] Resolution of the Council of Ministers no. 178/2024, 5 December 2024, available here.

[40] Act no. 20-A/2025, 26 February 2025.

[41] Resolution of the Council of Ministers no. 47/2025, 17 March 2025, available here.

[42] Ombudsperson, Relatório à Assembleia da República 2023, pp.67-68, July 2024, available here.

[43] Assembleia da República, Pergunta 25/XVI/1, Constrangimentos nas respostas da Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo, April 2024, available here.

[44] Assembleia da República, Resposta à Pergunta 25/XVI/1, Constrangimentos nas respostas da Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo, May 2024, available here.

[45] Ombudsperson, Relatório à Assembleia da República 2023, pp.67-68, July 2024, available here.