Author
Conditions in CIE
According to Article 62-bis of the Immigration Law, CIEs are public establishments of a non-penitentiary nature. Admission to and stay in these facilities shall be solely for preventive and precautionary purposes, safeguarding the rights and freedoms recognised in the legal system, with no limitations other than those applying to their freedom of movement, in accordance with the content and purpose of the judicial detention order of admission.
Article 62-bis of the Immigration Law further entails a list of rights recognised to the detained individuals. This includes the right to be informed and to have access to a lawyer, to an interpreter, to appropriate medical and health support as well as access to NGOs working with migrants. They also have the right to have their life, physical integrity and health respected, and to have their dignity and privacy preserved. The conditions for the access to NGOs as well as the access to adequate social and health care services must be laid down by way of regulation.
The CIE Regulation,[1] adopted in 2014, provides in its Article 3 that:
“The competences on direction, coordination, management and inspection of the centres correspond to the Ministry of the Interior and they are exercised through the General Directorate of the police, who will be responsible for safety and security, without prejudice to judicial powers concerning the entry clearance and control of the permanence of foreigners.”
The Ministry of the Interior is also responsible for the provision of health and social care in the centres, notwithstanding whether such service can be arranged with other ministries or public and private entities.
On the operation and living conditions within the CIE, there is scarce official information provided by the administrations responsible for their management. Due to this lack of transparency, during the last years several institutions and NGOs have developed actions of complaint and denounce shortcomings in the functioning of the CIE. Examples of these activities are the specialised annual reports by the Ombudsperson (and its respective representatives at regional level), by the State Prosecutor, and by several organisations of the third sector, academic institutions and media. In addition, valuable information is contained in the rulings of the judicial bodies responsible for controlling stays in the CIE (Jueces de Control de Estancia).
While the CIE Regulation was long awaited, it was established with many aspects to be improved and ignoring many of the recommendations formulated by the aforementioned entities. This is reflected by the decision of the Supreme Court, which, right after the adoption of the Regulation, cancelled four of its provisions as contrary to the Returns Directive, regarding the need to establish separated units for families, procedural safeguards on second-time detention and prohibition of corporal inspections.[2]
Conditions and riots
Even though under the law CIE do not have the status of a prison, the reality in practice suggests otherwise and conditions of detention therein are still not satisfactory. CIE continued to be the object of high public scrutiny and have attracted media and NGO attention during 2024 due to several incidents that took place throughout the year. The section below provides an overview of incidents recently reported in the CIEs between 2024 and the beginning of 2025.
Various issues emerged regarding the conditions in CIEs due to the Covid pandemic: for more information see AIDA reports 2020 and 2021.
Throughout 2024 and at the beginning of 2025, the following developments and incidents were registered:
- In February 2024 the Platform CIEsNO informed that around 50 migrants detained at the CIE of Aluche (Madrid) lodged a claim at the competent judge, denouncing the assaults received by the police. The judge opened an investigation.[3] Following such a report, different organisations called for the closure of the facility.[4]
- In April, the police blocked a riot of 80 inmates at the CIE of Aluche (Madrid) to denounce the human rights violations at the facility. An inmate resulted injured.[5]
- In May, the National Court of Barcelona closed the file on the case against 15 police officers accused of mistreatment against some inmates during a protest, due to the impossibility of localising the accusers for having been deported.[6]
- Following a visit to the CIE of Valencia carried out in February 2024, the Spanish Ombudsperson, in its capacity of National Prevention Mechanism against Torture, reported deficiencies and human rights violations in the facility (i.e. no adequate food, lack of privacy during visits to inmates, daily checks of inmates’ belongings, etc.).[7] The Platform ‘CIEsNO’ denounced that, despite the persistent reports of human rights violations, the facility continued to function. The political party ‘Compromís’ called on the Minister of Interior to adopt solutions to overcome such deficiencies.[8]
- In March 2025, around 20 inmates at the CIE of Barcelona started a hunger strike to denounce the lack of guarantee of their rights, including mistreatments.[9]
Information on the conditions within detention centres is available in the reports from the CIE visits conducted by the Spanish Ombudsperson, including those within its responsibilities as National Prevention Mechanism against Torture. The findings, facts and recommendations concerning the CIE visited by the Ombudsperson are available in the Annual Report of 2023, published in 2024,[10] as well as in the report issued by the Spanish Ombudsperson in his capacity of National Prevention Mechanism against Torture.
Moreover, the annual report of the Jesuit Migrants Service on CIEs in Spain provides relevant information on conditions and their situation, based on visits carried out by the organisation.[11] In its 2023 report, the NGO continued to highlight the serious deficiencies of living conditions and the lack of guarantees within those facilities. Concretely, the organisation denounced assaults on and mistreatments of inmates, and the difficulties they face reporting such acts. It also continued to denounce the lack of adequate health services, and the impact of detention on the mental health of inmates. The JMS expressed concern regarding the detention of persons that cannot be detained at CIEs according to the law, such as EU citizens, applicants for international protection in other countries, presumed minors, victims of gender-based violence, etc. It also criticised how the lack of common rules between CIEs results in different regimes in each facility and thus inequalities in the rights of inmates.
Visits to the CIE of Aluche in Madrid are regularly carried out by the organisation SOS Racismo, with the objective, among others, of providing legal and psychological support to detainees.[12]
Additionally, the annual report of the Public Prosecutor office informs about the conditions at the CIEs, in light of the visits that the institution carries out.
Activities, health care and special needs
The CIE Regulations governs the provision of services for sanitary assistance,[13] including access to medical and pharmaceutical assistance (and hospital assistance when needed), and contains provisions concerning clean clothes, personal hygiene kits and diets that take into account personal requirements.[14] In the same way, Article 15 of the Regulation concerns the provision of services for social, legal and cultural assistance, which can be provided by contracted NGOs. Detained third-country nationals can receive visits from relatives during the established hours,[15] and have access to open air spaces.[16]
As regards families with children in detention, although the Regulation did not initially foresee ad hoc facilities, the 2015 ruling of the Spanish Supreme Court obliged the detention system for foreigners to provide separated family spaces. Officially recognised unaccompanied minors are not detained in CIE, although there have been several reported cases of non-identified minors in detention.
Notwithstanding legal provisions, and the improvement in conditions after the adoption of the CIE Regulation, each centre still presents deficiencies, as the establishment of specific available services depends on each of the CIE directors.
In general, shortcomings have been reported concerning structural deficiencies or significant damages which may put at risk the health and safety of detained persons, overcrowding, absence of differentiated modalities for persons who have committed mere administrative infractions, restrictions to visits or to external communications, frequent lack of material for leisure or sports activities. In addition, the provision of legal, medical, psychological and social assistance is limited and not continuous; detained persons often lack information regarding their legal situation, their rights or the date of their return when removal is applicable. Also, interpreters and translators are often not available in practice.
In November 2022, the Supervising Judges of the CIE of Aluche (Madrid) agreed on a set of measures to improve the health assistance provided to inmates, such as allowing the use of the infirmary also during the night, the provision of psychological assistance and the digital health record. Such judicial decision obliges the Directorate-General of the Police, who oversees the CIE’s management, to improve these aspects.[17]
A report published by the University of Seville and the Jesuit Migrants Service in January 2024 warned that CIEs were spaces where migrants face a high risk of developing or aggravating their mental health conditions. The study underlined that 70% of the persons interviewed showed symptoms of anxiety and depression. [18]
In its 2023 annual report, the Jesuit Migrants Service continued to denounce the lack of adequate health assistance to inmates, as well as the lack of privacy during the medical assistance, and urged a comprehensive reform of health services at the CIEs.[19]
In its 2023 annual report, the Spanish Ombudsperson reiterated the need to implement an adequate protocol at CIEs for reporting, registering and investigating cases of mistreatment reported by inmates.[20]
In January 2024, the political party Sumar addressed a set of questions to the Government, including about the food and the medication provided to inmates at CIEs, considering the existing concerns on the conditions of these facilities.[21]
In November, the Minister of Interior granted €1,225,000 to the Red Cross for providing assistance to inmates at CIEs.[22]
Conditions in police stations
Migrants detained in police stations after arriving in Spain by sea face dire conditions.
In its 2023 annual report, the Spanish Ombudsperson, in its capacity as National Mechanism for Prevention of Torture, reiterated the necessity to adopt a regulation of CATEs. It also highlighted the serious deficiencies that some of those facilities have, in terms, inter alia, of lack of proper lighting, access to hot water and to showers, lack of ventilation and heating, lack of clean mattresses, blankets and beds, etc.[23]
Conditions in border facilities
Border facilities have been visited and monitored by the Spanish Ombudsperson, also in its capacity as National Prevention Mechanism against Torture.
The situation of the “non-admission room” in Madrid Barajas Airport has raised serious concerns in recent years because of its deplorable conditions. Concerns continued to be raised in the 2023 annual report published by the Spanish Ombudsperson in its capacity as National Prevention Mechanism against Torture, who underlined the deficiencies of the facility in terms of maintenance and hygiene.[24]
At the end of December 2023, there were reports of bad conditions and overcrowding at the ad hoc spaces for asylum seekers at the Madrid Barajas Airport.[25] Three judges asked the Minister of Interior to improve the situation.[26] Despite the Ministry of Interior announcing the adoption of appropriate measures to resolve the situation following the judicial requirements, in January 2024 the Unified Trade Union of the National Police (Sindicato Unificado de Policía – SUP) highlighted that the overcrowding and the insalubrity of the facility continued, and lodged a report to the Ombudsperson.[27] Due to the conditions, a total of 26 Moroccan asylum applicants escaped the ad hoc spaces and the airport by breaking a window.[28] In mid-January the Ministry of Interior reported it had allocated more resources to the ad hoc spaces to face the situation, with more police officers and additional offices to carry out the asylum interviews.[29] In addition, they started to transfer some of the asylum applicants to the CIE of Madrid, after a judge authorised the detention, but the Public Prosecutor Office immediately asked to annul the decision, which was then revoked by the judge.[30] The Spanish Ombudsperson denounced the overcrowding at the airport and asked the Government to guarantee decent conditions for asylum applicants and their rights, as well as the necessity to set up a proper space to accommodate them.[31] Similarly, the UNHCR expressed concerns on the situation and urged the Government to adopt a solution.[32] CEAR requested the Government to allow the exceptional access for humanitarian reasons of those asylum applicants to Spain.[33] The Spanish Red Cross, which provides the social assistance to asylum applicants at the airport, decided to suspend its operations until minimum conditions and standards will be re-established, a decision not shared by the Minister of Interior.[34] The Spanish Government blamed Morocco for the chaos at the airport, and asked the Moroccan Government to prohibit the boarding in the flights transiting in Spain to those passengers holding a passport from Senegal who do not have a Schengen transit visa, which helped to ease the situation by reducing the number of asylum applicants at the airport.[35] CEAR criticised such a decision as a form of externalisation of borders management, and also highlighted the risks that migrants and refugees can face in the migratory route following such a requirement.[36] In order to solve the situation, the Ministry of Interior additionally enabled a new space (a fourth room) to accommodate asylum applicants at the airport, which will host 162 persons.[37] At the beginning of February, the Minister of Interior declared the issue to be resolved.[38]
Throughout 2023 and 2024, in the context of increased numbers of asylum applicants at the Madrid airport, UNHCR supported the competent authorities in addressing implementation challenges in the accelerated asylum border procedure at the airport in which UNHCR plays an active monitoring role. Due to the situation, UNHCR reinforced its monitoring activities, supported coordination at different levels, made proposals to improve the reception conditions and management of applications with a particular focus on identification of persons with specific needs and also provided technical support with Somali interpretation services for a limited time.[39] Concretly, during 2024, UNHCR coordinated efforts with the police, the OAR and lawyers at Madrid Barajas Airport to address the challenges arising from increasing numbers of applicants, which impacted accommodation conditions and procedure quality on a regular basis during the year.[40]
In July 2024, a young Saharawi activist applied for asylum at Bilbao Airport. After his asylum application was rejected, the organisation CEAR appealed against the return order to Morocco he was issued, and supported him in applying for the statelessness status. Besides, the Ministry of Youth and Children asked the Ministry of Interior to grant him access to the territory for humanitarian reasons. After 14 days being detained at the airport, the young activist has been allowed to access the Spanish territory.[41]
During August 2024, overcrowding at the asylum rooms at the Madrid Airport was denounced by the Spanish Confederation of the National Police, due to the increase of persons (mainly Mauritanians) applying for asylum while transiting in Spain during their travel to South America. The Confederation reported an increase of asylum applicants up to 350% since June 2024.[42] The Bar Association of Madrid warned the Minister of Interior about the serious structural deficiencies (i.e. the lack of qualified interpreters, the overloading of the police professionals, the lack of basic tools such as the asylum forms, etc.), which rendered it impossible to guarantee proper legal assistance.[43]
At the beginning of August, two Saharawi brothers living with disabilities were authorised to entry Spain from the airport transit area (as the fiction of non-entry applies at the airport’s asylum rooms), after their lawyer challenged the rejection of their asylum applications.[44]
In September, a group of around 75 asylum seekers started a riot while waiting for a decision on their asylum application during their stay in the asylum rooms.[45] The riot was controlled by a reinforced team of police officers.[46]
In September 2024, a group of 30 asylum applicants from Western Sahara started a protest and some of them went on a hunger strike while staying at the asylum rooms of Madrid Airport, because of the denial of their asylum applications and the fear of deportation. One of them denounced that his asylum application was rejected twice, because the Minister of Interior assigned him a Moroccan interpreter who had modified his account. A gathering in front of the Minister of Interior was also organised to protest against this situation. Representatives of the political party Sumar asked the Ministry of Interior information about the reasons to deny asylum to the Sahrawi activists.[47] In addition, members of the political parties PSOE, Sumar and Podemos put pressure on the Government for not deporting those who were denied asylum.[48] Similarly, the judges association Juezas y Jueces por la Democracia called the Government of granting protection to those asylum seekers, by recalling that Spain has already been condemned by the European Court of Human Rights for similar cases. UNHCR called on the Government to guarantee the admission to Spain for humanitarian reasons of all the asylum applicants involved.[49] The Spanish EP member Irene Montero (from Podemos) accused the Government of violating the human rights of the 35 Sahrawi asylum applicants detained at the airport, after she was also denied the possibility to visit the asylum seekers held at the airport[50] At the end of the month, the Minister of Interior announced the forced return to Morocco of one of those asylum applicants, despite his serious health condition and the existence of two reports of the UNHCR supporting his asylum application.[51] He was finally deported together with other 15 Sahrawi asylum applicants at the beginning of October.[52] Some of the 35 asylum applicants who received an expulsion order denied to board and stayed at the airport’s premises.[53] At the beginning of October, the Minister of Interior returned 21 (including two 1-years old children) of the Sahrawi applicants to Morocco.[54] while two out of the 35 were allowed to enter the Spanish territory while waiting for a decision on their asylum application.[55] A total of 6 persons escaped from the airport, in order to avoid being returned.[56]
Despite the parliamentary question made by the political party Sumar on the reasons for the return of the Sahrawi applicants, the Government defended the Minister of Interior’s decision.[57]
In October, the political party PPCV (Partido Popular de la Comunidad Valenciana) criticised the fact that the Minister of Interior had been deploying Moroccan interpreters to support applicants from Western Sahara during their asylum procedure, what creates discomfort on them due to the historical political confrontation among Morocco and the Western Sahara territories. Thus, the PPCV is intentioned to submit a law proposal at the Parliament of the Autonomous Community of Valencia which foresee to hire interpreters of the same nationality as the asylum applicant. In addition, it called the Minister of Interior to speed up the asylum and statelessness procedures for the applicants from these territories.[58]
During the same month, different political parties (PP, Sumar, Podemos, EH Bildu, PNV, ERC and BNG) asked in writing to the Government the reasons based on which the asylum applications of this group of applicants were rejected.[59] The Parliament of the Autonomous Community of Navarra urged the Government to review these decisions.[60]
In mid-October, the Director of the Police presented to the Congress the conditions of the rooms for asylum seekers at the Madrid Airport.[61] Following a parliamentary request made by Sumar, the Government assured that asylum applications lodged at the Madrid Barajas Airport are individually assessed, independently from the nationality of the applicants and the alleged grounds of persecution.[62]
[1] Real Decreto 162/2014, de 14 de marzo, por el que se aprueba el reglamento de funcionamiento y régimen interior de los centros de internamiento de extranjeros.
[2] El Pais, ‘El Supremo anula cuatro articulos de la norma de los Centros de Inetrnamiento’, 27 January 2015, available at: http://bit.ly/1uAbrvf.
[3] Madrid Diario, ‘Un escrito de los internos del CIE de Aluche denuncia presuntas agresiones policiales’, 16 February 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/mzz5uctw; El País, ‘Un juzgado investiga presuntas agresiones de policías a internos del CIE de Aluche, en Madrid’, 22 February 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/yuwmecuw; El Diario, ‘50 migrantes denuncian en los juzgados agresiones policiales con “puñetazos y patadas en la cabeza” en el CIE de Madrid’, 22 February 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/42whney3.
[4] Gacetín Madrid, ‘Reclaman el cierre del CIE de Aluche tras la última denuncia judicial por supuestos malos tratos’, 12 March 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/359ds8ss.
[5] Tele Madrid, ‘La Policía Nacional impide un intento de motín de 80 internos en el CIE de Aluche’, 6 April 2024, available here.
[6] Infobae, ‘Archivan la causa a 15 policías acusados de agredir a internos del CIE en intento de fuga’, 6 May 2024, available here.
[7] El Diario, ‘El Defensor del Pueblo critica que la comida del CIE de València “no es adecuada” y el agua, “reducida”’, 24 July 2024, available here.
[8] El Diario, ‘La plataforma ‘CIEs No’ denuncia “vulneraciones de derechos sistemáticas” en el centro de internamiento de València’, 25 July 2024, available here.
[9] El País, ‘Internos del CIE de Zona Franca anuncian una huelga de hambre por “tratos denigrantes”’, 28 March 2025, available here.
[10] Defensor del Pueblo, ‘Informe anual del Defensor del Pueblo 2023 – Volumen I’, March 2024, available here.
[11] Servicio Jesuita a Migrantes, ‘Informe CIE 2023. Internamiento “muteado”. Personas cuyo sufrimiento queda oculto a la sociedad’, June 2024, available here.
[12] SOS Racismo, see: https://sosracismo.eu/sos-racismo-madrid/.
[13] Article 14 CIE Regulation.
[14] Articles 39-47 CIE Regulation.
[15] Article 42 CIE Regulation.
[16] Article 40 CIE Regulation.
[17] Europa Press, ‘Jueces del CIE de Aluche requieren asistencia sanitaria 24h a internos, atención psicológica e historia clínica digital’, 22 November 2022, available at: https://bit.ly/3gHc7mZ; La Vanguardia, ‘Los jueces de control del CIE de Madrid piden subsanar sus “graves deficiencias sanitarias”’, 22 November 2022, available at: https://bit.ly/3UcTZiw.
[18] Paloma, V., Agüero-Collins, A., Benítez, I., Buades-Fuster, J., López-Núñez, C., & Saavedra-Macías, F. J., (2023), ‘Un acercamiento a la salud mental de las personas migrantes en los Centros de Internamiento de Extranjeros de España’, Centro de Investigación y Acción Comunitaria de la Universidad de Sevilla & Servicio Jesuita a Migrantes, January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/2p86r6tf.
[19] Servicio Jesuita a Migrantes, ‘Informe CIE 2023. Internamiento “muteado”. Personas cuyo sufrimiento queda oculto a la sociedad’, June 2024, available here.
[20] Defensor del Pueblo, ‘Informe anual del Defensor del Pueblo 2023 – Volumen I’, March 2024, p. 175, available here.
[21] Qué!, ‘Sumar advierte al Gobierno sobre los migrantes: dudas y sin transparencia’, 21 January 2024, available here.
[22] Europa Press, ‘Interior subvenciona con 1,1 millones a Cruz Roja para la atención de migrantes en centros de internamiento’, 20 November 2024, avilable here.
[23] Defensor del Pueblo, ‘Informe anual del Defensor del Pueblo 2023: Anexo del Mecanismo Nacional de Prevención (MNP)’, March 2024, available here.
[24] Defensor del Pueblo, ‘Informe anual del Defensor del Pueblo 2023 – Volumen I’, March 2024, available here.
[25] La Razón, ‘Las salas del aeropuerto de Madrid dedicadas a los peticionarios de asilo se encuentran desbordadas’, 19 December 2023, available at: https://tinyurl.com/mryzrz38; El Periódico de España, ‘Plagas de chinches, basura y escasez de toallas: la situación de los solicitantes de asilo en Barajas sigue sumida en el caos’, 22 January 2024, available at:https://tinyurl.com/28pfjah6; El Salto Diario, ‘Denuncian el hacinamiento de solicitantes de protección internacional en las salas del aeropuerto de Barajas’, 22 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/y4fermzt; Canal Sur, ‘Las ONG denuncian el hacinamiento extremo en las salas de asilo de Barajas’, 26 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/yc76renk.
[26] El País, ‘Tres jueces piden a Interior medidas urgentes ante el hacinamiento de migrantes en el aeropuerto de Barajas’, 22 December 2023, available at: https://tinyurl.com/5n8h8ff9.
[27] Europa Press, ‘Marlaska dice que se han tomado medidas por los migrantes bloqueados en Barajas, tras los requerimientos judiciales’, 4 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/2xthj6pm; Europa Press, ‘El SUP denuncia que continúa el colapso e insalubridad en Barajas por los viajeros africanos “hacinados” que piden asilo’, 12 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/4fck2eap; La Razón, ‘Vuelven los chinches y las cucarachas a las salas donde esperan los migrantes solicitantes de asilo en el aeropuerto de Barajas’, 14 January 2024, available at: https://rb.gy/m6kixc; The Objective, ‘Colapso en Barajas por las peticiones de asilo de Senegal y Marruecos: «Estamos al límite»’, 14 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/25vvbpr7; Antena 3, ‘Una abogada denuncia la situación de los solicitantes de asilo del aeropuerto de Barajas: “El hacinamiento es inhumano”, 1 february 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/3j26ju4h; Onda Cero, ‘La Policía denuncia el caos en las salas de asilo de Barajas: la insalubridad crece y se prevé la llegada de más inmigrantes’, 2 February 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/2e6m5ptf.
[28] 20 Minutos, ‘Diecisiete migrantes escapan de las salas de asilo de Barajas tras romper una ventana’, 13 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/4su667sz; ABC, ‘Se fugan 26 marroquíes de las salas de inadmitidos de Barajas en dos noches consecutivas’, 13 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/mw9mwunz.
[29] Europa Press, ‘Interior señala que ya hay más policías y medios en Barajas, tras las quejas por magrebíes solicitantes de asilo’, 15 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/zwfdc9za.
[30] Europa Press, ‘Comienza el traslado desde Barajas a un CIE de los migrantes que han solicitado asilo tras hacer escala en Madrid’, 17 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/yc5y7uu7; El Diairio, ‘Un juez autoriza a internar en el CIE de Madrid a medio centenar de solicitantes de asilo hacinados en Barajas’, 18 January 2024, available at:https://tinyurl.com/3e86zzfw; Fiscalía pide anular la autorización de un juez para trasladar a un CIE a 50 migrantes solicitantes de asilo en Barajas’, 18 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/mr2pe4ss; El Diario, ‘El juez rectifica y anula su aval a trasladar demandantes de asilo de Barajas al CIE’, 22 January 2024, available at:https://tinyurl.com/mrxxx3v9; Onda Cero, ‘La Fiscalía se opone al traslado al CIE de Aluche de 50 solicitantes de asilo en Barajas’, 19 January 2024, available at:https://tinyurl.com/5n8ktsy2; El Diario, ‘El juez rectifica y anula su aval a trasladar demandantes de asilo de Barajas al CIE’, 22 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/mrxxx3v9.
[31] El País, ‘El Defensor del Pueblo, ante el hacinamiento en Barajas: “Reclamamos a las administraciones que se garanticen condiciones dignas”’, 18 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/4p34b6z2; El País, ‘El Defensor del Pueblo visita las hacinadas salas de asilo de Barajas: “Es urgente que se habilite un espacio adecuado”’, 19 January 2024, available at:https://tinyurl.com/bfa7btyy; Europa Press, ‘El Defensor del Pueblo pide a Migraciones, Interior y AENA que respeten los derechos en las salas de asilo de Barajas’, 30 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/2hxzm3ff.
[32] Europa Press, ‘ACNUR reitera su preocupación por la situación de los solicitantes de asilo en el aeropuerto de Madrid-Barajas’, 26 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/2fcr73pz.
[33] Cope, ‘CEAR pide dejar entrar a España a solicitantes de asilo en Barajas para aliviar la presión’, 18 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/5xtxskex; Europa Press, ‘CEAR pide autorizar la entrada “excepcional” a solicitantes de asilo ante el “hacinamiento” de las salas de Barajas’, 22 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/3e59pxvb.
[34] 20 Minutos, ‘Cruz Roja abandona las salas de asilo en Barajas “hasta que se den las condiciones mínimas” para atender a los migrantes’, 23 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/2cv65c45; Europa Press, ‘Interior “no comparte” la decisión de Cruz Roja de renunciar a asistir a los migrantes en Barajas que piden asilo’, 23 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/bdyfmjwx.
[35] La Razón, ‘El gobierno descarga el caos de Barajas en Rabat’, 1 February 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/2c84j8jz; Cadena Ser, ‘España pide a Marruecos que vete en sus aviones a los senegaleses sin visado para atajar el hacinamiento de Barajas’, 31 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/mr3mwx66; Madrid Diario, ‘Interior estudia pedir visados de tránsito a los vuelos de Marruecos con escala en Madrid’, 19 February 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/2jc76xb4; la Razón, ‘El Gobierno impondrá visados de tránsito a senegaleses para evitar el colapso de peticiones de asilo en Barajas’, 24 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/cjjpxzvh; Cope, ‘Así funciona el visado de tránsito, la medida que ha aliviado la presión en Barajas’, 9 February 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/2pu37j4x.
[36] CEAR, ‘Los visados de tránsito incrementan los riesgos en las rutas migratorias’, 5 February 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/2s4h4f6r; Cope, ‘CEAR critica que España “externalice” fronteras y deje el control en manos de Marruecos’, 9 February 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/mwr63bkw.
[37] Newtral, ‘Interior habilita una nueva sala de acogida en el aeropuerto de Barajas ante el incremento de solicitantes de asilo’, 30 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/32vb5k3f; Heraldo, ‘Barajas contará con una cuarta sala para albergar a 162 solicitantes de asilo’, 29 January 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/4ptvjah7; Ministerio del Interior, ‘Habilitada una nueva sala en Barajas para atender a los solicitantes de protección internacional’, available at: https://tinyurl.com/5x2rc46n.
[38] Europa Press, ‘Marlaska da por resuelta la crisis “excepcional” en Barajas por los solicitantes de asilo tras escalas fraudulentas’, 7 February 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/2ye9ptef.
[39] Information provided by UNHCR in April 2024.
[40] Information provided by UNHCR in Macrh 2025.
[41] Público, ‘El saharaui “atrapado” en el aeropuerto de Bilbao solicita el estatuto de apátrida’, 4 July 2024, available here; El País, ‘El Ministerio de Juventud pide a Interior que deje entrar en España a un activista saharaui’, 5 July 2024, available here; El Independiente, ‘El joven saharaui evita la deportación a Marruecos y abandona el aeropuerto de Bilbao’, 6 July 2024, available here.
[42] El Diario, ‘Crisis de asilo en el aeropuerto Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas’, 13 August 2024, available here; Europa Press, ‘Sindicato policial denuncia saturación de salas de asilo en Barajas por mauritanos en escala desde Marruecos’, 5 August 2024, available here; El Correo de Pozuelo, ‘ Un sindicato policial denuncia la saturación de las salas de asilo en Barajas por la llegada de mauritanos haciendo escala que aprovechan para romper su pasaporte y pedir asilo’, 7 August 2024, available here.
[43] El Periódico, ‘La Abogacía de Madrid alerta a Interior ante las carencias para atender a los solicitantes de asilo en Barajas’, 20 August 2024, available here
[44] El Independiente, ‘Interior autoriza la entrada a dos hermanos discapacitados saharauis que huyen de Marruecos’, 6 August 2024, available here.
[45] La Razón, ‘Un nuevo motín de inmigrantes en Barajas destapa la desidia de Marlaska con los policías’, 2 September 2024, available here.
[46] Europa Press, ‘La Policía envía refuerzos a Barajas para mediar en un incidente con 75 magrebíes que esperaban en una sala de asilo’, 2 September 2024, available here; El Independiente, ‘Los policías piden refuerzos en Barajas tras un “motín” en una de las salas de asilo’, 2 September 2024, available here; Antena 3, ‘La Policía logra controlar un motín en el aeropuerto de Barajas tras la denegación de asilo a un grupo de migrantes’, 2 September 2024, available here.
[47] El Independiente, ‘Marlaska deniega el asilo a un saharaui tras asignarle un traductor marroquí que alteró su testimonio’, 12 September 2024, available here; El Independiente, ‘Varias decenas de saharauis solicitantes de asilo se declaran en huelga de hambre en Barajas ante el aluvión de denegaciones’, 21 September 2024, available here; El Salto, ‘30 saharauis permanecen en el Aeropuerto de Barajas a la espera de respuesta a sus peticiones de asilo’, 21 September 2024, available here; Tercera Información, ‘Convocan concentración ante el Ministerio del Interior por los saharauis retenidos en Barajas’, 20 September 2024, available here; El Diario, ‘Interior devolverá a diez solicitantes de asilo saharauis retenidos en el aeropuerto de Barajas pese a las protestas’, 23 September 2024, available here; Europa Press, ‘Marlaska anuncia la deportación de los solicitantes de asilo en Barajas que alegan ser saharauis si la ley no les ampara’, 23 September 2024, available here; press Digital, ‘Sumar pide cuentas a Marlaska por negar el asilo a los activistas saharauis retenidos en Barajas sin valorar cada caso’, 23 september 2024, available here; Europa Press, ‘Continúa en Barajas la huelga de hambre de once saharauis que piden asilo en España’, 24 September 2024, available here; ABC, ‘Abogada de activistas saharauis pide a España que frene su deportación a Marruecos’, 24 September 2024, available here; Cadena Ser, ‘Interior acuerda la deportación de los activistas saharauis que pidieron asilo en Barajas y Sumar se opone’, 23 September 2024, available here; Europa Press, ‘La defensa del grupo de saharauis en Barajas denuncia la próxima deportación de un solicitante de asilo’, 24 September 2024, available here.
[48] El País, ‘Sumar y Podemos presionan al Gobierno para que no deporte a los saharauis rechazados en Barajas’, 24 September 2024, available here; La Razón, ‘PSOE y Sumar elevan la presión sobre Marlaska ante la situación de los saharauis en Barajas’, 24 September 2024, available here; El Periódico, ‘Sumar se revuelve contra Marlaska y le reclama acoger a los saharauis retenidos en el Aeropuerto de Barajas’, 24 September 2024, available here.
[49] El País, ‘La asociación progresista de jueces pide al Gobierno que conceda protección internacional a los saharauis retenidos en Barajas’, 26 September 2024, available here; Público, ‘Juezas y Jueces para la Democracia reclama protección internacional para los saharauis retenidos en Barajas’, 26 September 2024, available here.
[50] 20 Minutos, ‘Irene Montero acusa al Gobierno de vulnerar los derechos humanos de los saharauis retenidos en Barajas’, 30 September 2024, available here.
[51] Público, ‘Interior deportará a un joven saharaui que necesita tratamiento para un cáncer y tiene dos informes favorables de ACNUR’, 28 September 2024, available here.
[52] El Diario, ‘Interior devuelve a 16 solicitantes de asilo saharauis, incluido el chico sordomudo que estuvo enfermo de cáncer’, 4 October 2024, available here.
[53] Público, ‘Marlaska asegura que coopera con ACNUR en el caso de los saharauis de Barajas pese a los informes que avalan su asilo’, 1 October 2024, available here.
[54] Cadena Ser, ‘Interior deporta a Marruecos a 16 saharauis que estaban retenidos en el aeropuerto de Barajas tras pedir protección internacional’, 4 October 2024, available here; Público, ‘Interior deporta a 21 saharauis que pidieron asilo en Barajas, entre ellos dos niños de un año’, 7 October 2024, available here.
[55] El Diario, ‘Autorizada la entrada en España de dos saharauis mientras se resuelve su petición de asilo’, 6 October 2024, available here; El País, ‘España cierra las puertas a los saharauis de Barajas: devueltos a Marruecos los últimos solicitantes de asilo’, 11 october 2024, available here.
[56] El Economista, ‘Segunda fuga de solicitantes de asilo en Barajas en solo una semana: se escaparon “por el mismo agujero” de la primera’, 7 October 2024, available here; El Diario, ‘Cuatro solicitantes de asilo se fugan de las salas de inadmitidos del aeropuerto de Barajas’, 2 October 2024, available here.
[57] Voz Populi, ‘Marlaska no da explicaciones de la expulsión de los saharauis y defiende su gestión con una intérprete a ‘media jornada’’, 4 November 2024, available here.
[58] Europa Press, ‘El PPCV denuncia que Interior “contrata traductores marroquíes” para los solicitantes de asilo saharauis’, 26 October 2024, available here.
[59] The Diplomat in Spain, ‘PP, Sumar, Podemos y nacionalistas preguntan al Gobierno por los 10 solicitantes de asilo saharauis en Barajas’, 15 October 2024, available here; Europa Press, ‘EH Bildu, PNV y Podemos reprueban la gestión de Interior con los saharauis de Barajas: “No podemos agachar la cabeza”’, 9 October 2024, available here.
[60] Diario Siglo XXI, ‘El Parlamento de Navarra insta al Gobierno de España a “revisar la denegación de asilo” a los saharauis en Barajas’, 9 October 2024, available here.
[61] Diario Siglo XXI, ‘El director de la Policía explica este lunes en el Congreso las condiciones de las salas de asilo de Barajas’, 14 october 2024, available here.
[62] Europa Press, ‘Las solicitudes de asilo presentadas en Barajas se atienden con independencia de la nacionalidad, según el Gobierno’, 17 November 2024, available here.