Special reception needs of vulnerable groups

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In the Spanish reception system, efforts are made to place asylum seekers in the reception place which best fits their profile and needs depending on their age, sex, household, nationality, existence of family networks, maintenance, etc.^[1] A case by case assessment is made between OAR and the relevant NGO in charge of the reception centres and, after assessing the availability of reception spaces and the individual characteristics of the applicant, the person is placed in the centre which best meets their needs. As asylum seekers’ placement is made on case-by-case basis, there is an ongoing monitoring mechanism which takes into consideration the response to reception needs of each person concerning the mentioned profiles.^[2]

In addition, based on vulnerability factors referred to under the Asylum Law, most vulnerable profiles are entitled to a longer stay in reception facilities compared to the normal 18-month period. For vulnerable groups, reception can reach a total of 24 months, following an exceptional authorisation from the competent authority.^[3]

Nonetheless, available resources are not allocated with a view to provide for the specific needs of more vulnerable asylum applicants, who are referred to external and more specialised services in case of need. The Spanish reception system in fact does not guarantee specialised reception places addressed to asylum applicants such as victims of trafficking, victims of torture, unaccompanied asylum-seeking children or persons with mental disorders. As mentioned in the section on Health care, some NGOs offer receptions facilities and services for asylum seekers with health mental problems. In addition, some NGOs have specific places in their reception facilities specifically addressed to trafficked women. These NGOs can also provide tailored services targeting specific vulnerable groups (i.e. trafficked persons, asylum seekers with mental health needs), to facilitate their access to education, labour market and healthcare.

In its 2025 annual report, CEAR highlighted that, despite the significant improvements and an increase in the number of specialised places within the reception system addressed to asylum seekers and refugees with mental health needs, which facilitate an adequate interdisciplinary response for these needs, specific reception places remain insufficient in terms of number and length of stay to offer a comprehensive rehabilitation response allowing a real inclusion in society.[4]

Reception places for asylum-seeking victims of trafficking are very few, and their number is not made public by the MISSM. The new Regulation on Reception specifically includes the prevention, detection and referral of victims of trafficking as one of the main principles governing any action within the reception system, and it also considers trafficking as a situation of vulnerability.

In February 2022 the Minister of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration, together with UNHCR, started the implementation of an action protocol on gender-based violence within the reception system, with the aim of improving the prevention, risks mitigation and response for gender-based cases, in line with international and EU laws.^[5] A leaflet explaining the protocol has been also published in different languages (i.e. Spanish, English, French, Arabic, Ukrainian),^[6] together with a pocket guide for the professionals working in the asylum reception system.^[7] With UNHCR’s support, in 2025 the Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration resumed the development and application of collaborative mechanisms that had been inactive during 2024. UNHCR also helped the Ministry in processing and analysing the gender‑based violence data collected in the reception system for new arrivals and asylum seekers and supported efforts to design an updated and safe data‑collection mechanism, which remains under development. In addition, UNHCR delivered capacity‑building to almost 800 government, police and NGO staff and other key actors on gender‑based violence and gender‑related persecution. UNHCR also facilitated four roundtables on the topic of gender‑based violence, bringing key actors together and reinforcing capacity‑building, coordination, networking and safe referrals at the local level.

UNHCR carried out information sessions on gender-based violence for women, girls and boys arriving by sea, and disseminated awareness-raising brochures and a video available in nine languages, including those commonly spoken among newly arrived women from Africa.

UNHCR’s collaboration with the national asylum authority supported access to protection for survivors of gender‑based violence, which remained the most frequent basis for granting refugee status (45 per cent of refugee status decisions). Within the border procedure, UNHCR continued supporting the detection of victims of trafficking or people at risk, in coordination with specialised organisations, asylum authorities and the police (the protocol for detecting potential victims of trafficking was activated in 107 cases, most of them at Madrid airport).[8]

Mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) remained a key area of concern in the reception system in 2025, and UNHCR continued supporting the Mental Health Reference Group, ensuring ongoing coordination and information‑sharing among specialized organisations and key actors. As part of these efforts, UNHCR convened a dedicated meeting on accompanied children’s mental health and well‑being in the reception system, which led to the creation of a specialized expert group. UNHCR also supported the working group on suicide prevention (composed of psychologists from both inside and outside the reception system) in organizing a two‑day training on suicide prevention and response, co‑hosted with the Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration. The training reached more than 300 online participants and 70 participants in person.

UNHCR, together with the Hungarian Helsinki Committee and the support of IE University, organised a two-day seminar on the protection and rehabilitation of torture victims for 35 actors from the asylum and criminal justice sectors.

Finally, UNHCR trained 122 staff from authorities, organisations and other key actors to strengthen support for refugees with specific needs.[9]

In November 2024, the Minister of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration announced that a total of 772 offices of the Social Security started to function as ‘Purple Points’ (Puntos Violeta) for the assistance to victims of gender-based violence.[10] 5,988 pharmacies, health centres, police stations, etc. have also been accredited as ‘purple points’.

Unaccompanied asylum-seeking children

There are no specialised centres destined only to unaccompanied asylum seeking-children, and they are thus hosted in general centres for unaccompanied migrant children or left destitute. In a report submitted to the Committee on the Rights of the Child in the occasion of the 7^th cycle of assessment of the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Platform for Childhood (Plataforma de Infancia) underlined the necessity to create, especially in the Canary Islands, Andalucía, Ceuta and Melilla, appropriate reception centres to respond to migrant children’s international protection needs. It adds that such centres should provide for legal assistance, interpreters with proper training, and to foster quick referral to other facilities if in the best interest of the child^[11] (See also Legal representation of unaccompanied children).

The same month, the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo) issued a landmark ruling affirming that unaccompanied minors (UAMs) who apply for asylum are entitled to access and remain within the asylum reception system. This means they should not be placed in the general facilities for UAMs or in shelters for abandoned children. The case stemmed from the situation of approximately 1,000 UAMs who had applied for asylum in the Canary Islands. The ruling compelled the central government – responsible for the reception conditions of asylum applicants – to take responsibility for these minors and provide a solution within 10 days.[12] The Government’s initial plan to appeal the decision changed.[13] The UNHCR warned that at least the 55% of the UAMs arriving to the Canary Islands are in need of international protection, and it asked the government to prioritise their asylum applications in the decision-making process.[14] The Minister of Youth and Childhood informed that the Government is working with the EUAA in order to train professionals of the child protection system also on asylum issues.[15]

During the following months, negotiations continued between the central government and the government of the Canary Islands on how and where to transfer and accommodate the unaccompanied migrant children asylum applicants, as well as to which facilities.[16] The central government also informed in writing the Supreme Court about the difficulty in accommodating and assisting UAMs asylum applicants within its asylum reception system, due to the lack of specific and specialised facilities for UAMs.[17] The political party Sumar called the government to create a specific centre to accommodate UAMs asylum applicants. The NGO CEAR warned that the Spanish asylum reception system has not been designed with UAMs in mind.[18] In addition, it proposed the government to be available to make adjustments to its facilities within the asylum reception system, to allow the government to comply with the 10 days deadline.[19]

Considering the delay in assuming the reception and assistance of the UAMs asylum applicants by the central government and to find a solution within the 10-days’ time limit given to the central government to comply with the decision, the Supreme Court convened the central government to a hearing at the end of May to explain the measures adopted so far to accommodate UAMs asylum applicants from the Canary Islands.[20] The government informed the Supreme Court that, despite not having found a solution to accommodate UAMs asylum seekers, it maintained the intention of complying with the Court’s decision.[21] The Supreme Court threatened the government to impose fines for not complying with its decision.[22] At the beginning of June, the central government and the government of the Canary Islands started to organise the reception and assistance of those UAMs asylum applicants in the Canary Islands.[23] The Government planned to open 800 reception places – all of them in the archipelago – specifically for UAMs asylum seekers, thus it agreed with the government of the Canary Islands to assume their reception within the asylum reception system.[24] In addition, it offered 400 reception places in the Autonomous Community of Madrid.[25]

The Supreme Court urged both governments to submit periodic reports every 15 days, in order to inform on the steps taken for the reception of UAMs asylum seekers.[26] Against the denial of some asylum applications lodged by UAMs, and the complaints by the government of the Canary Islands, the Supreme Court reiterated the obligation for the central government to take over the 1,000 UAMs asylum applicants in the Canary Islands.[27]

Between the end of July and beginning of August, a group of 250 UAMs asylum applicants started to be accommodated within the asylum reception system at the facility Canarias 50 located in the Canary Islands, while other 10 were transferred to a facility in mainland.[28] A Nazi banner was found in front of the facility where the UAMs were accommodated the day in which they arrived to the mainland.[29]

The plan of the government was to transfer small groups of 15-20 children each week and to accommodate them primarily in small reception asylum facilities in all Spanish territory.[30] Accem and CEAR supported the start of the transfers to mainland, and stressed the importance that all the administrations involved assume a co-shared responsibility in the reception of UAMs asylum applicants.[31] The central government informed the intention to approve an allocation of 40 million € for the reception of UAMs asylum applicants from the Canary Islands.[32]

After the transfer of the first group of 10 UAMs to mainland, the government of the Canary Islands complained about the lack of additional transfers during the same week, despite the central government’s commitment to transfer groups of 15-20 UAMs each week. This was justified as being due to the lack of appropriate additional facilities for UAMs asylum applicants in mainland. At the same time, the government of the Canary Islands announced to have reached an agreement with the central government to immediately transfer to mainland unaccompanied migrant girls – 90 in August – with the aim of avoiding assessing their asylum application while accommodated in the facility Canarias 50.[33] A second group of 5 Malian UAMs were transferred to mainland in mid-August. By this date, the central government reported to have transferred a total of 240 UAMs (including those who aged out in the meantime) to facilities within the asylum reception system.[34] With the following transfer of a third group of 9 unaccompanied girls to facilities within the asylum reception system in mainland, the Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration informed that a total of 280 UAMs have been transferred so far from the Canary Islands.[35] The transfers continued, with the intention of the government to speed them up since September, and to prepare 110 new reception places for them in different Autonomous Communities.[36] Since the Supreme Court’s decision until the end of August, 470 additional unaccompanied asylum-seeking children arrived in the Canary Islands.[37] With the aim of speeding up the pace of transfers to the mainland, the government of the Canary Islands decided to carry out the asylum interviews at the same facilities where they are accommodated. In addition, the public prosecutor for children took part in asylum interviews. To this purpose, the public prosecutor office’s capacity was increased.[38] The government of the archipelago presented a complaint  in front of the Supreme Court regarding the central government’s failure to comply with the Court’s decision.[39] Due to the reticence of around the 25-30% of UAMs asylum seekers to be transferred to mainland and to their willingness to continue to stay in the Canary Islands, the central government started to provide informative sessions on asylum to those UAMs.[40] Despite transfers to the mainland continuing in October and November, the Canary Islands’ government reported delays in the process.[41] At the end of October, following the reports lodged by the government of the Canary Islands, the Supreme Court ordered the central government to take over the reception of UAMs asylum applicants within 15 days.[42] Close to the end of November, the central government informed to have complied with the Supreme Court’s decision, with a total of 679 UAMs transferred to mainland after an additional 817 new places were created within the asylum reception system.[43] The government of the Canary Islands urged the central government to transfer 2,700 UAMs before the 18 March 2026.[44] In December, the government of the Canary Islands asked the Supreme Court to clarify and to establish concrete rules on the guardianship of the UAMs asylum applicants, as it remains with the archipelago’s government despite the transfer to another Autonomous Community.[45] During the same month, a UAM was transferred back to the Canary Islands from mainland due to the denial of his asylum application.[46] In January 2026, 99 UAMs withdrew their asylum application due to the lack of proper conditions in the centres managed by the central government, such as the centre of Canarias 50, were they are transferred for the being interviewed and for waiting their transfer to mainland.[47] In addition, some of them withdrew the asylum application as they were already integrated in the archipelago and did not wish to be transferred to centres for asylum applicants in mainland Spain.[48] By the end of December 2025, 410 UAMs asylum applicants have been transferred to the asylum reception facilities in mainland, according to data released by the government of the Canary Islands.[49]

At the beginning of November, the UNHCR warned that a significant number of UAMs arriving in Spain are fleeing armed conflict, violence or persecution in their countries of origin. It also estimated that, since August 2023, around 1,500 children who arrived in the Canary Islands have applied for asylum in Spain. The majority, around 70%, were Malian nationals, followed by children from other West African countries. Out of the total, 9% are girls and 22% are under the age of 16.[50]

In occasion of the World Refugee Day, the Platform for Childhood revealed that UAMs in need of international protection face five-times more risks to suffer mental health issues. It reported that psychological care for them upon arrival is weak, informal, and poorly coordinated, and that it does not guarantee a minimum, uniform response with a rights-based approach. Furthermore, it expressed concerns on the lack of official protocols or teams to provide psychological first aid at points of entry upon arrival in Spain.[51]

In December, the president of the Autonomous Community of Madrid asked the Supreme Court to also dispose the transfer to facilities within the asylum reception system for 50 UAMs asylum applicants accommodated in its system for the reception of UAMs. The Supreme Court gave a 1-month deadline to the central government to transfer those UAMs asylum applicants.[52] With the decree adopted on the precautionary measure required by the Autonomous Community of Madrid, the Supreme Court gives way to the obligation for the central government to accommodate UAMs asylum applicants within the asylum reception system, considering that this falls within the competence of the Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration.[53] In January 2026, the government of Madrid urged the central government to accommodate those UAMs before they reach the majority of age.[54]

As underlined by Save the Children[55], until now, the national reception system for international protection had never received UAMs, for which it is now facing the challenge to create specialised reception centers with the adequate child centered standards, protocols, staff and procedures. Unfortunately, the tight time limits set by the Supreme Court for the transfers have caused unintended situations, such as children not willing to be transferred to other centers or provinces and in worst situation to children renouncing their asylum application to avoid being moved to other centers and provinces.

Throughout 2025, UNHCR supported child protection authorities in their efforts of strengthening the identification of unaccompanied children in need of international protection and to ensure their effective access to the asylum procedure. In the Canary Islands (where persistent overcrowding and limited resources continued to pose significant challenges despite the efforts of the regional government), UNHCR’s presence, albeit reduced, enabled visits to 75 child protection centres. During these visits, UNHCR provided information on asylum to unaccompanied children and support professionals on best-interest assessments, legal counselling and referral pathways.

In this context, UNHCR also monitored transfers of unaccompanied children from the Canary Islands to the mainland, following Supreme Court rulings requiring their inclusion in the national reception system. UNHCR’s coordination and monitoring efforts contributed to improved case management and best-interest determinations.

Building on these efforts, and within the framework of the April Royal Decree regulating relocations of unaccompanied foreign children in situations of extraordinary migratory pressure, UNHCR advocated for the use of a risk assessment tool developed jointly with Save the Children in 2024 to identify specific protection needs of unaccompanied children. This tool was ultimately adopted by the Ministry of Youth and Childhood and, since August 2025, has been used in the Canary Islands and Melilla to guide protection assessments by child protection authorities and inform relocation decisions.

UNHCR intensified efforts to enhance the procedural quality of assessment by the authorities of unaccompanied children’s asylum claims, conducting targeted case reviews and providing recommendations to national authorities to support more consistent and well-informed decision making. UNHCR also strengthened coordination between the Asylum Office and child protection entities, contributing to more comprehensive information-sharing and better assessments of children’s protection needs. These efforts supported the development of new national guidance by the Asylum Office on managing applications for unaccompanied children and conducting remote interviews.

In parallel, UNHCR strengthened regional child protection capacities in 2025, training 300 professionals in Andalusia on the regional protocol for identifying and assisting children with international protection needs, and an additional 100 officials in the Valencian Community, Zaragoza, Toledo and Madrid, all involved in the relocation of 2,800 unaccompanied children from the Canary Islands.

UNHCR also led an expert reflection group with child rights organizations to identify protection gaps affecting children in family units within the reception system, with findings shared with the Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration.[56]

A report published by the Economic and Social Council of Spain (Consejo Económico y Social de España) in December 2025 highlighted the need to strengthen the child protection system and the resources for the assistance, transition into adulthood and labour market integration when reaching the age of majority, which are essential for preventing situations of vulnerability and marginalisation. It also called on the necessity to strengthen the policies for the protection of children, provide greater resources to the child protection system, facilitate access to regularisation, support the transition to adulthood for young people, especially the most vulnerable, with specific programmes and resources, and commit to inclusive education and intercultural coexistence in schools.^[57]

In a report published in February 2026, the Platform for Childhood analysed the situation of migrant children and adolescents who arrive in Spain separated from their parent(s) or legal guardians, and the institutional support they receive upon initial reception. The study highlighted the need to improve protection mechanisms and to establish clear criteria that guarantee respect for the rights of these children from the moment of their arrival. The organisation warned that the lack of legal recognition of the category of ‘separated children’ in Spanish legislation contributes to this situation of vulnerability. The absence of a regulatory framework and specific protocols means that decisions are taken without clear common criteria and that the responses of the authorities may vary depending on the region or institution. In addition, there is a lack of coordination and clarity regarding the roles of the various actors involved in initial reception. The report also expressed concern about the practice of automatically separating children and adolescents from the adults accompanying them, a measure sometimes adopted as a protective measure. When these decisions are taken without evidence of trafficking, objective danger or imminent risk, and without a specific procedure to ensure the assessment of the child’s best interests, they may constitute a violation of their rights. Another element that increases the vulnerability of separated children is the lack of documentation and legal representation. This situation hinders the full exercise of separated children’s rights and limits their access to the resources and safeguards provided by the protection system.[58]

In March 2026, around 100 persons gathered in front of the town hall in Castro Urdiales (Cantabria) to show their opposition to the reception centre for UAMs that the Cantabrian Government is planning to open in the municipality. At the same time, another group of persons also mobilised in favour of the centre.[59]

As underlined by Save the Children, investigations and news coming from multiple regions, including the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Andalusia and Catalonia, indicate recurrent cases of child-safeguarding incidents, violence against children and disappearances from centers with suspects or proved presence of exploitation and trafficking networks.[60] The main concerns refer to:

• Absence of standardized child protection protocols: Many centers lack a common framework for safeguarding children, and there is no independent complaints mechanism for children.
• Denounces of mistreatment and inadequate conditions: Cases of verbal and physical abuse and insufficient supervision have been reported, particularly in emergency reception centers.
• Disappearances from centers: numbers on disappeared unaccompanied children raise serious concerns about their protection.
• Police investigations found networks of trafficking and exploitation of children in child protection centers. In 2024, 4,766 children younger than 17 were reported missing.

In view of the implementation of the EU Pact on Asylum and Migration, Save the Children underlined that it introduces measures that significantly impact the rights and protection of migrant children in Spain. While some provisions aim to enhance coordination among EU member states, major risks remain:[61]

• Risk of increased detention of children: The Pact expands border procedures, which may lead to more children being held in detention-like facilities while their asylum claims are processed. This contradicts the best interest principle outlined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
• Accelerated asylum and return procedures: The Pact promotes fast-track procedures that could undermine the right to a fair and thorough assessment of asylum claims, particularly for children with special protection needs.
• Challenges in implementing the screening phase within the 72 hours limit for initial detention after arriving by sea.

The situation of UAMs in the Canary Islands

The situation of unaccompanied children in the Canary Islands started to raise concerns since 2020, when more than 2,000 children were reportedly not receiving adequate assistance and protection.[62]

Due to the increase in arrivals to the Canary Islands in 2023, especially during autumn, many (presumed) UAMs arrived in the archipelago, including young children (i.e. less than 14 years old). This resulted in the UAMs’ protection system in the Canary Islands accommodating more than 4,400 UAMs in November 2023, and the accommodation of many UAMs in facilities for adults because they were not identified as minors. Following the challenges that arose because of the substantial increase, different organisations (i.e. the Platform for Childhood, UNICEF, and Save the Children) expressed concerns about the situation, and asked different institutions to take effective measures to guarantee children’s rights.^[63] Similarly, Amnesty International denounced the situation in the archipelago and the lack of guarantees of UAMs’ rights, concretely the lack of information provision on their rights, including the right to asylum, the lack of age assessment procedures, the accommodation of presumed UAMs in centres for adults, the lack of legal assistance and appropriate interpretation, etc.^[64] In October, all the Autonomous Communities reached an agreement to share the reception of 450 UAMs from the Canary islands. The Government of the archipelago assessed the agreement positively but considered the number of UAMs to be transferred very low compared to the migratory situation it is facing.^[65] By February 2024, just four Autonomous Communities had indicated to be available for the transfer of a total of 112 children.[66]

During 2024, the Government of the Canary Islands reiterated its calls to the central Government to provide for the responsibility-sharing with the other Autonomous Communities in the reception of and assistance to UAMs arrived in the archipelago.[67] The Spanish Ombudsperson advocated for supporting the Canary Islands and called the Government to change the legislation in order to make the distribution of UAMs among Autonomous Communities compulsory.[68] Different Ministers met in April to discuss the issue, and the central Government called the Autonomous Communities to be involved in the reception of UAMs arrived to the Canary Islands.[69] The State-Secretary for Migration called for an agreement between the central Government and the Autonomous Communities for the distribution of 6,000 UAMs that cannot be assisted by the Canary Islands because the system is overwhelmed (its capacity if for 2,000 UAMs).[70] Similarly, UNHCR, Save the Children and the Spanish Ombudsperson called for the solidarity-sharing among the Autonomous Communities for the proper protection of UAMs. The Spanish Ombudsperson also urged the Government of the Canary Islands to open new facilities for the reception of UAMs.[71]

After months of negotiations, the central Government presented to the Government of the Canary Islands its plan for the distribution of 2,500 to UAMs to other Autonomous Communities. The Plan obtained an agreement between the two Governments and was also welcomed by NGOs.[72] However, the Plan prepared by the central Government for the compulsory distribution of UAMs from the Canary Islands to the other Autonomous Communities was not approved by the Congress in July, due to the contrary votes of the Popular Party, Vox and Junts.[73]

In March 2025, the Government adopted the Royal-Decree 2/2025 which provides for urgent measures to guarantee the best interests of children and adolescents in situations of extraordinary migratory contingencies. It introduced modifications to different dispositions related to migrant children, for example by introducing the mechanism for the distribution of UAMs among Autonomous Communities, by establishing the criteria for the plan for solidarity sharing among Communities.[74] It is expected that 4,400 UAMs will be transferred from the Canary Islands to other Autonomous Communities. Different organisations (i.e. Accem, UNICEF, Platform for Childhood, etc.) welcomed the agreement and called for the necessity to guarantee high standards for reception and assistance to UAMs, in line with child’s rights.[75] The Autonomous Communities of Cantabria and the Balearic Islands expressed their intention to challenge and oppose the decree adopted for the distribution.[76] At the beginning of April, different Autonomous Communities (in practice, those governed by the Partido Popular) challenged the Royal Decree in front of the Constitutional Court.[77] Additionally, the High Court of Justice of Madrid (Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Madrid) deemed admissible the appeal lodged by the Autonomous Community of Aragón for challenging the requirement made by the Minister of Youth and Childhood to all Autonomous Communities to provide the figures on the number of reception places and its occupancy, with the aim of fixing the quota for each Autonomous Community for the distribution of UAMs coming from the Canary Islands.[78] At the end of June, the Ministry of Youth and Childhood presented the plan for the distribution of about 4,000 UAMs from Ceuta, Melilla and the Canary Islands among the different Autonomous Communities. In the initial plan, Andalucía, Madrid and the Comunitat Valenciana were the Communities expected to receive half of UAMs (exactly a total of 1,895 children).[79] On 22 July, the Council of Ministers adopted Royal Decree 658/2025 establishing the rules, procedure and measures to relocate UAMs from places declared to be in a state of extraordinary migratory contingency (currently, Ceuta, Melilla and the Canary Islands) to other Autonomous Communities. The plan was to start at the end of August with relocations,[80]  and that Autonomous Communities must submit annual data on the total number of children assisted, of places available, and of children currently accommodated.[81] At the end of August, the government adopted the Royal Decree foreseeing the compulsory relocation of UAMs from border territories (such as the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla) to other Autonomous Communities. Andalucía was the region expected to accommodate the majority of relocated UAMs.[82] The transfer will be activated maximum 15 days after the arrival of each child.[83] Some Autonomous Communities -especially those governed by the Popular Party – announced the intention to challenge the compulsory distribution of UAMs.[84] The Government of the Balearic Islands lodged an urgent precautionary measure at the Supreme Court asking for the suspension of the transfer of UAMs asylum seekers from the Canary Islands to the archipelago, alleging the decision taken by the Supreme Court was invalid due to having been  adopted without the mandatory opinion of the Council of State.[85] Similarly, the government of Cantabria lodged other two appeals in November against the decisions taken by the Government Delegate in Ceuta to transfer and relocate two UAMs there, and an additional one in December against the transfer of a UAM from the Canary Islands.[86] The first transfer was carried out from Ceuta at the end of September 2025.[87] By the end of January 2026, a total of 877 UAMs have been relocated.[88] In January 2026, the Supreme Court dismissed the appeal lodged by the Autonomous Community of Madrid aimed at halting the transfer of 12 UAMs from the Canary Islands and Ceuta to its territory.[89] In February, the government of the Canary Islands informed of its intention to request the Public Prosecutor’s Office to take action in case an Autonomous Community refuses to take in the UAMs assigned to it according to the legislation. In fact, the government of the archipelago stated that they are encountering difficulties in relocating UAMs in other Autonomous Communities, because they claim that there are no places or no resources to accommodate them.[90]

The central government’s objective is to use the royal decree adopted for the compulsory relocation of UAMs also for the transfer of UAMs asylum seekers from the Canary Islands to mainland.[91]

In October, the Minister of Youth and Childhood allocated a total of 13 million Euros to Autonomous Communities registering the highest number of arrivals of unaccompanied minors. The Canary Islands received 5 million Euros, 4.1 million were allocated to Ceuta, 2.7 million to Melilla and 1.2 million to the Balearic Islands. This amount is in addition to 22 million Euros allocated one month before to the same purpose.[92]

In the same month, four directors of reception centres for UAMs in Gran Canaria and Lanzarote (Canary Islands) have been indicted for the alleged misappropriation of European funds addressed to the reception and assistance of UAMs.[93]

In November, the Minister for Youth and Childhood emphasised the need to improve the reception system for UAMs and to establish uniform standards for the different reception systems in the Autonomous Communities.[94]

In mid-December, the Council of Ministers approved the transfer of €100 million for the care of the UAMs living in the Canary Islands (who are more than 4,500). The budget will be covered by the Ministry of Youth and Children to improve reception mechanisms, assistance, inclusion and support.[95]

During the same month, the government of the Canary Islands authorised the increase of the budgetary expenditure credit for the assistance to UAMs, with an additional allocation of €36,749,189.08. With this increase, a total of €155 million has been allocated in 2025 to the assistance of UAMs.[96]

The Government informed that in 6 months, a total of 810 UAMs have been relocated from the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla to mainland.[97]

In 2025, more than 2,500 UAMs arrived in the Canary Islands.[98]

As Save the Children continued to reiterate[99], the Canary Islands and, to a lesser extent, Ceuta continued to face continuous pressure in 2025, due to the increase in arrivals of UAMs. While a national contingency Law for the relocation of children from overwhelmed regions to other autonomous communities has been slowly implemented because of the political opposition of some regions, key challenges persisted:

• Insufficient resources in reception centers: Many newly established shelters struggled to meet basic standards, leading to overcrowding and inadequate living conditions. Some centers in the Canary Islands, for example, were hosting more than 300 children in a single facility, far exceeding legal and safety standards. Not providing the minimum conditions for a proper vulnerability assessment.
• Delays in access to education and vocational training: Due to administrative bottlenecks, children often faced extended waiting periods before they could enroll in formal education or integration programs. In some cases, children over 16 were left out of the educational system altogether.
• Lack of specialized psychosocial support: Many children have suffered trauma and violence during migration and/or in country of origin but did not receive the necessary psychological assistance upon arrival, and the few times they had access to it, it lacked a transcultural approach.
• Fragmented national coordination: The distribution of UAMs across Spain’s autonomous communities lacked a standardized approach, leading to disparities in care and access to essential services.
• Difficult access to documentation and insufficient support after ageing out.

In addition, Save the Children continued to underline that the intra-national relocation mechanism for UAMs aims to alleviate pressure on border regions but must be fully aligned with children’s rights[100]:

• Best Interest Determination (BID) must be the guiding principle: Any transfer decision must be based on an individualized assessment of the child’s needs and preferences.
• Prohibition of discriminatory selection criteria: Autonomous communities must not impose restrictive conditions—such as age limits or nationality preferences—that undermine the principle of non-discrimination.
• Guarantee of child participation: Children must be informed about and involved in decisions regarding their relocation, ensuring that their opinions are taken into account.

Coordination between sending and receiving regions: Clear protocols must be established to ensure continuity of care and access to education, health services, and legal support.

In December 2024, the Government of the Canary Islands urged the central Government to solve the situation regarding UAMs in need of international protection. The central Government resumed the negotiations to tackle and solve it, but the political party PP (Partido Popular) paralysed the negotiations and conditioned their continuation to a change in the State migration policy.[101]

In view of the summit of the Autonomous Communities’ Presidents, Save the Children called for the adoption of a comprehensive strategy to guarantee an affective inclusion of children and youth.[102]

While confirming the failure of the system to protect UAMs who arrive to the Canary Islands and their fear to be considered adults, Amnesty International sent a letter with a set of recommendations to the different competent authorities (Central Government, the Autonomous Communities Governments at the Canary Islands and the Political Parties) on the necessity of respecting the child’s best interest for minors reaching the Canary Islands.[103] The organisation also denounced disproportionate punishments, violence and lack of inspections in the centres for UAM’s in the Canary Islands.[104]

In January 2025, the Spanish Prime Minister set a 10-day deadline to find a temporary solution for the situation of overcrowding in the reception centres for UAMs in the Canary Islands.[105]

In February, the Government of the Canary Islands announced an extension of the emergency declaration in response to the critical situation that the region is facing for the reception of unaccompanied children, as the facilities in the archipelago are operating at 123% capacity, accommodating approximately 5,860 UAMs.[106]

A thematic report published by Amnesty International in March 2025 expressed concern about the system of macro-centres for UAMs created in the Canary Islands in recent years and highlighted the lack of coordination between the different administrations, law enforcements agencies and the judiciary, as well as between provinces.[107]

The 2025 annual report published in April 2025 by Amnesty International denounced that the conditions of overcrowding in the reception centres on the Canary Islands undermined the rights of unaccompanied migrant children.[108]

In May, the director and other nine employees of a shelter for UAMs on the island of Gran Canaria were arrested on charges of alleged injuries, abuse and threats against the children.[109]

A report published by Save the Children in June informed that at least the 10% of migrants who arrived in Spain through the Atlantic route to the Canary Islands were boys and girls, although many were not recognised as such, so the actual scale of child migration remains underestimated. In addition, the organisation warned that the lack of professionals responsible for child protection during the initial 72 hours, which means that children and adolescents are in some cases not recognised as such and thus referred to the protection system or specialised resources and without psychological support or interpreters. A simple classification error deprives a child of their rights, such as on guardianship, schooling and healthcare.[110]

In December, the Justice Supreme Court of the Canary Islands upheld the conviction of a local police officer who humiliated a migrant in Tenerife, also using racist insults, by confirming the sentence of six months in prison and two years of disqualification.[111]

In its 2025 annual report, Human Rights Watch reported evidences of abuses facing unaccompanied migrant children in the Canary Islands, including overcrowded accommodation, failures in age determination processes, a general lack of individualized assessment of protection needs, difficulties accessing education, and a lack of follow-up care after turning 18.[112]

In February 2026, it was reported that the FIFA’s latest circular impeded to migrant children under the guardianship of the government of the Canary Islands to join a football federation unless they are asylum applicants.[113]

In March, three former workers of a reception centre for migrant children in Tenerife (Canary Islands) have been taken into custody for the alleged mistreatment and abuse of children accommodated in the facility.[114]

Discrimination and hate crimes

Discrimination and hate crimes against migrants and refugees continued to be a reason of concern in 2025 and the beginning of 2026.[115]

In February 2025, the Government of Navarra reported and condemned the far-right graffiti painted on the wall of the Directorate-General of Migration Policies, where the Assistance Service for the Fight against Racism and Xenophobia, and the Counselling Service for Migration, among others are located.[116]

In the same month, the mayor of Oviedo accused a migrant of the killing of a woman, despite the author of the crime being a Spanish national.[117]

On the contrary, the major of Córdoba criticised an anti-migrant’ campaign run by the political party Vox. Different political parties also denounced the campaign in front of the local Public Prosecutor, for encouraging hate against migrants.[118] Similarly, the Government of the Basque Country condemned the xenophobic graffiti that appeared in the office for the legal assistance to migrants in the city of Irún.[119]

In March, the Spanish Observatory on Racism and Xenophobia (OBERAXE), under the Secretary of State for Migration, and LALIGA signed an agreement to use artificial intelligence in the fight against hate speech. The new FARO system will enable the monitoring of thousands of daily messages and is expected to increase the number of reported hate speech incidents by at least 20%.[120]

On the occasion of the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Accem raised concerns about the rising levels of discrimination and hate crimes against migrants and refugees—particularly in relation to access to housing, healthcare, and employment.[121] Similarly, the Council for the Elimination of Racial or Ethnic Discrimination (CEDRE) issued an urgent recommendation denouncing that access to housing in Spain is challenging for migrants and refugees, due to common instances of racial discrimination.[122] In light of this, the Forum for the Social Integration of Immigrants called on the Government to adopt more measure against racial discrimination.[123]

In occasion of International Domestic Workers Day, the trade union UGT denounced that domestic workers – often women with a migratory background – continue to suffer from discrimination also based on their gender.[124]

In April, the Guardia Civil started an investigation against the fascist association Núcleo Nacional for inciting hate against migrant community.[125] Additionally, a woman was sentenced to six months in prison and fined €2,000 for committing a hate crime after directing racist insults at a migrant in the city centre of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, targeting him because of his skin colour.[126] That same month, news of 116 migrants being accommodated in a hotel in Ciudad Real sparked a wave of hate messages against the establishment on social media.[127] The leader of the neo-Nazi group Bastión Frontal had to testify in a trial in which she is accused of ‘inciting violence and hostility’ against Moroccan migrants and Muslims during a gathering outside the Moroccan Embassy in Madrid in 2021.[128]

During the same month, CEAR condemned the islamophobic attack against a house in Puerto Real (Cádiz) that Muslims uses as a mosque.[129] The organisation also warned that xenophobic speeches by politicians increase hate crimes against migrants.[130]

A study published in April 2025, underlined that 2 out 3 LGTBIQ+ migrants have suffered some kind of discrimination in the Balearic Islands due to their sexual orientation.[131]

The 2025 annual report published during the same month by Amnesty International acknowledged the 300% increase in the number of investigations into hate crimes compared to the previous year and warned of the ‘excessive tension and polarisation’ present in political discourse, which encouraged the spread of misinformation against migrants and other minorities.[132]

In June, the trial against a former National Police inspector charged with linking migration with criminality, and for publicly inciting violence against the migrant population at the end of 2022, started at the Provincial Court of Valencia. The public prosecutor and the private accusation asked for a three-year prison sentence.[133]

During the same month, the Independent Authority for Equal Treatment and Non-Discrimination was appointed.[134]

The 2025 annual report on racism in Spain published by SOS Racismo indicated that 544 racist incidents were reported in 2025 – a slight increase compared to the previous year – most of which were related to institutional racism, denial of access to public services, racist attacks and conflicts, police racism, as well as discrimination in the workplace and denial of access to private services.[135]

In July, following the assault against a Spanish man in Torre Pacheco (Murcia) allegedly committed by a Moroccan national, neo-Nazis groups started a hunting against migrants living in the city.[136] Civil society and different organisations (among which CEAR, IOM, Council for the Elimination of Racial or Ethnic Discrimination), including Muslim and Arabic ones, strongly condemned the hate crimes and the violence occurred in the city, and organised protests and gathering across Spain.[137] The police arrested nine persons after a weekend of anti-migrant violence, including the leader of the racist group ‘Deport Them Now’ for inciting violence.[138] The Public Prosecutor’s Office initiated proceedings against the President of the far-right political party Vox.[139]

In the same month, a swastika and xenophobic drawings appeared close to the CAED in Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), following a sexual assault allegedly committed by a migrant.[140] In addition, the far-right party Vox proposed a massive expulsion of migrants from Spain, especially those who committed crimes and UAMs.[141]

In its report on Spain, the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) acknowledged the progress made by Spain since the last report, but underlined the concerns still exist. Concretely, it referred to the prejudice and discrimination that LGBTI persons continue to face in their everyday life and to the challenges they face in accessing gender-affirming health care. Similarly, it underlined the persistence of hate speech especially in political speech and online and mostly targeting Roma, migrants, Muslims and people of African descent, and the increase in hate speech against Jewish and transgender persons. ECRI also expressed concerns regarding the situation of UAMs in Spain, especially the challenges they face when they reach the age of 18, as they often find themselves in a precarious situation, facing difficulties to find employment and accommodation.[142]

In September, a person was arrested in Gijón (Asturias) for inciting hate against UAMs with banners displaying Nazi symbols, following the transfer of UAMs asylum seekers from the Canary Islands to mainland. The police investigated an attack with explosives against a centre accommodating 80 migrant children in Lugo (Galicia)[143] and two migrant children living in a reception facility in Madrid were assaulted by hooded persons. The State-Delegation in Madrid denied the authorisation for the far-right party Vox to organise a protest in front of the child protection facility where the two UAMs were living.[144] The Government condemned these episodes and declared their intention is to frighten employees and children living there, more than criticise the Government’s decision. For this purpose, the Government considered it essential to maintain discretion on the location of the facilities were UAMs are transferred and hosted.[145]

The right and far right political parties (Popular Party and Vox) continued to connect migration with criminality, especially the migration of UAMs, despite the official data refute such a connection, considering that the number of migrants living in Spain has doubled since 2015 while crime rates decreased.[146]

In September, the Minister of Youth and Childhood condemned the criminalisation of migrants and reaffirmed the government’s commitment to protect vulnerable individuals from racism and xenophobia.[147]

In the same month, the Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration called on the main digital platforms [X, Meta (Facebook y YouTube), Instagram and TikTok] monitored by the Spanish Observatory on Racism and Xenophobia (OBERAXE) to strengthen joint and ongoing monitoring of hate speech on social media. The call was connected to the first meeting of the working group created in July, following the events in Torre Pacheco and the surge in racist and xenophobic messages detected by OBERAXE. The aim is to collaborate and join forces to effectively combat the proliferation of such discourse.[148]

During the same month, the national police of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands) affirmed that the news on the sexual assault committed by a migrant and circulated on social network was fake.[149]

In October, the Provincial Prosecutor’s Office of Santa Cruz de Tenerife filed a complaint against an influencer on social networks for a possible crime of incitement to hatred towards migrants.[150]

In November, CEAR reported having assisted more than 130 migrants who had suffered discrimination in various areas between January and October 2025, particularly in accessing the municipal register, housing, healthcare, employment and banking services.[151]

In December 2025, the political party PSOE submitted a law proposal at the Congress calling on the government to strengthen cooperation with major digital platforms in an effort to curb the rise of hate speech against migrants.[152]

In its annual report on racism, the NGO SOS Racismo reported on the racism and discrimination faced by domestic and care migrant women workers in Spain. 50.5% of female workers interviewed reported having experienced racial discrimination, while 15.4% witnessed racist acts towards other female colleagues. The report indicated that the women interviewed referred that the most frequent racist expressions they have experienced are humiliation, verbal abuse, insults, mockery and/or derogatory comments. The women interviewed pointed to origin (30.7%), lack of documentation (25.9%), nationality (14.8%) and skin colour (12.7%) as the most common reasons for ethnic and racial discrimination.[153]

In its 2025 annual report, Human Rights Watch reported that in 2025 the Minister of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration noted an increase in hateful online content targeting migrant men and boys, particularly of north African origin. Thus, it called on technology platforms to take more action to tackle online hate.[154]

In February 2026, the Supreme Court established that using racist insults is to be considered a hate crime. Thus, it fixed the jurisprudential criteria regarding the existence of hate crimes for racist insults and on the grounds of being migrants.[155]

During the same month, the government of the Comunitat Valenciana launched the new Valencian Inclusion Office for the period 2026-2029. This service was created with the aim of offering specialised assistance to migrants, promoting equal treatment and preventing hate crimes, guaranteeing rights and promoting full equality in Valencian society.[156]

In addition, Catalonia imposed first penalty for property racism on an agency that refused to rent a flat to a Moroccan man.[157]

Racist messages increased by 22% on social media following the announcement of the regularisation of migrants.[158] As underlined by OBEARAXE, 57% of the contents analysed in February were found to dehumanises foreign nationals, representing an increase of 14% compared to the previous month. The observance of Ramadan, the debate on the wearing of the burqa and the regularisation process were the main targets of hate speech in February, particularly due to the proliferation of misinformation and anti-migration messages.[159]

In occasion of the International Day against Racial Discrimination, the Forum for the Social Integration of Migrants (Foro para la Integración Social de los Inmigrantes) called on the government to join forces with other EU member States, within the European Council, for including the incitement to hate and hate crimes as European offences in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.[160] In addition, different organisations in Valencia called for an end to racist police checks.[161]

Asylum seekers, refugees and migrants in Spain continued to suffer from financial exclusion and discrimination, because of the challenges often faced while trying to open bank accounts.[162]

Similarly, migrants and asylum seekers continued to face challenging in accessing health, despite the legislation guarantee them such a right.^[163]

LGBTQI+

In June 2022, the Government approved a law on the equality of transgender individuals and on additional guarantees of LGTBI+ persons’ rights, which foresees also the right self-determination and the possibility of gender rectification at the Civil registry.^[164] Amnesty International welcomed the proposal as a step to advance in guarantee LGTBI+ rights.^[165] The National Federation of Lesbians, Gays, Trans, Bisexuals, Intersexual+ (Federación Estatal de Lesbianas, Gais, Trans, Bisexuales, Intersexuales y más – Felgtbi+)^[166] called the Government to guarantee the right to change gender at the register to all trans migrants, independently of their administrative situation.^[167] The law was approved in March 2023.[168]

On the 2025 LGTBI Pride Day, the Minister of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration informed that the granting of any form of international protection grounded on reasons of persecution for sexual orientation has increased of 2.5% since 2022.[169]

Challenges in accessing housing for being trans, black and with a migrant background have been reported.[170]

^[1]  DGIAH, Reception Handbook, November 2018, A, 6.

^[2] DGIAH, Reception Handbook, November 2018, G.2 (22), G.3 (24).

^[3] Boletín Oficial del Estado, ‘Real Decreto 220/2022, de 29 de marzo, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento por el que se regula el sistema de acogida en materia de protección internacional’, available at: https://bit.ly/3QR8SHo; Migrar con Derechos, ‘Instrucción SEM de 15 de diciembre de 2022. Acceso y permanencia sistema acogida protección internacional’, 15 December 2022, available at: https://bit.ly/42A0pxQ.

[4] CEAR, ‘INFORME 2025. Las personas refugiadas en España y Europa’, June 2025, available here.

^[5] ACNUR, ‘Inclusión implementa junto a ACNUR el Protocolo de actuación sobre violencia de género en el sistema de acogida’, 23 February 2022, available at: https://bit.ly/3PZD0zO.

^[6] ACNUR, Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones, ‘Protocolo de actuación ante la violencia contra las mujeres solicitantes y beneficiarias de protección internacional y temporal’, available at: https://bit.ly/3PWMQCA. 

^[7] ACNUR, Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones, ‘Cómo actuar ante la violencia contra las mujeres solicitantes y beneficiarias de protección internacional y temporal. Guía de bolsillo para profesionales del SAPIT sobre la aplicación del protocolo de actuación ante la violencia contra las mujeres en el sistema de acogida de protección internacional, dirigida al personal técnico’, available at: https://bit.ly/3WBmyIv.

[8] Information provided by UNHCR in March 2026.

[9] Information provided by UNHCR in March 2026.

[10] El Día Digital, ‘Un total de 772 oficinas de la Seguridad Social empiezan a funcionar como Puntos Violeta’, 25 November 2024, available here.

^[11] Plataforma de Infancia, ‘La situación de la infancia en España en 2022’, November 2022, available at: https://bit.ly/3KnfWK3.

[12] El Mundo, ‘El Supremo da 10 días al Gobierno para hacerse cargo de un millar de menores no acompañados en Canarias que han pedido asilo’, 26 March 2025, available here; Europa Press, ‘Sistema “sobresaturado” en Canarias: ONG urgen soluciones para los menores migrantes tras la decisión del Supremo’, 28 March 2025, available here;  Bolaños asegura que el Estado trabaja en cumplir con el TS y dar asilo a los menores migrantes, 28 March 2025, available here; Europa Press, ‘La Policía de Extranjería ignora al Supremo y paraliza el proceso de asilo de 675 menores’, 28 March 2025, available here; Canarias 7, ‘El traslado de los solicitantes de asilo ‘topa’ con una red de acogida estatal que no está preparada’, 27 March 2025, available here; El Periódico, ‘El Gobierno se resiste a acoger a los menores refugiados llegados a Canarias, como le exige el Supremo’, 31 March 2025, available here.

[13] 20 Minutos, ‘El Gobierno rectifica y no recurrirá el auto del Supremo que le obliga a hacerse cargo de 1.000 menores migrantes de Canarias’, 4 April 2025, available here; RTVE, ‘El Gobierno retira el recurso contra el auto del Supremo que le obliga a hacerse cargo de mil menores migrantes de Canarias’, 4 April 2025, available here.

[14] El País, ‘El 55% de los menores migrantes en Canarias necesitan protección internacional, según Acnur’, 9 April 2025, available here; El Diario, ‘ACNUR pide que los menores migrantes no acompañados llegados a Canarias tengan prioridad en la petición de asilo’, 10 April 2025, available here.

[15] Europa Press, ‘El Gobierno trabaja con la Agencia Europea de Asilo para formar a los profesionales del sistema de protección de menores’, 10 April 2025, available here.

[16] Público, ‘IU propone un mecanismo para acelerar la acogida de los menores migrantes que solicitan asilo’, 2 April 2025, available here; Canarias 7, ‘Estado y Canarias tratarán el jueves el traspaso de los 1.200 menores en asilo, como fija el Supremo’, 2 April 2025, available here; RTVC, ‘Estado y Canarias se coordinarán «caso a caso» para la distribución de menores migrantes solicitantes de asilo’, 3 April 2025, available here; La Vanguardia, ‘El Gobierno tutelará 1.008 menores que pidieron asilo en Canarias, pero no asegura distribuirlos’, 3 April 2025, available here; El Diario, ‘Canarias y el Estado se reúnen este jueves para tratar la distribución de los menores solicitantes de asilo’, 3 April 2025, available here; Gobierno de Canarias, ‘Clavijo espera que en una semana los menores demandantes de asilo sean acogidos por el Estado’, 3 April 2025, available here; La Moncloa, ‘Un grupo de trabajo coordinará la ejecución del real decreto para la acogida de menores migrantes no acompañados’, 8 April 2025, available here; El Diario, ‘El Gobierno ultima la fórmula para hacerse cargo de mil menores refugiados tras la orden del Supremo’, 7 April 2025, available here; El Periódico, ‘El Gobierno responderá al Supremo que “activa” su colaboración con Canarias para atender a los menores migrantes “caso a caso”’, 10 April 2025, available here; El Diario, ‘Canarias envía al Estado los expedientes de más de mil menores solicitantes de asilo’, 11 April 2025, available here; The Objective, ‘Canarias exige que el Gobierno se haga cargo ya de los mil menores: «Son su responsabilidad»’, 17 April 2025, available here.

[17] La Provincia, ‘El Estado alega al TS que la red de asilo no puede acoger menores solos’, 22 April 2025, available here; Onda Cero, ‘Canarias En La Onda Noticias 22/04/2025’, 22 April 2025, available here.

[18]  Canarias 7, ‘CEAR advierte de que el sistema de acogida a refugiados no responde a la realidad de Canarias’, 20 April 2025, available here.

[19] Canarias 7, ‘Sumar pide que el Gobierno habilite un centro de atención a menores migrantes solicitantes de asilo’, 17 april 2025, available here; Europa Press, ‘CEAR, “disponible” a hacer adaptaciones en sus centros para acoger menores migrantes solicitantes de asilo de Canarias’, 23 April 2025, available here; 20 minutos, ‘CEAR ofrece al Gobierno sus centros para acoger a menores solicitantes de asilo tras vencer el plazo de 10 días del Supremo’, 23 April 2025, available here.

[20] Canarias 7, ‘Los servicios jurídicos estudian requerir al Estado por vía judicial que asuma menores’, 23 April 2025, available here; El País, ‘Canarias aviva la batalla judicial con el Gobierno para que asuma la acogida de los menores refugiados’, 9 May 2025, available here; El Periódico, ‘El Supremo emplaza al Gobierno a una vista para que le informe sobre las medidas para los menores solicitantes de asilo’, 13 May 2025, available here; Europa Press, ‘El TS cita al Gobierno el 29 de mayo para que exponga las medidas adoptadas sobre el reparto de menores migrantes’, 13 May 2025, available here; La Razón, ‘El Gobierno tendrá que explicar al Supremo si se ha hecho cargo de los menores que esperan asilo en Canarias’, 13 May 2025, available here.

[21] 20 minutos, ‘El Gobierno admite en el Supremo que no ha acogido a ninguno de los mil menores solicitantes de asilo en Canarias’, 29 May 2025, available here; El Mundo, ‘El Gobierno reconoce en el Supremo que aún no ha atendido “a ningún” menor de Canarias desde que el tribunal se lo ordenó hace dos meses’, 20 May 2025, avaible here; RTVE, ‘El Gobierno admite al Supremo que no ha acogido a ninguno de los mil menores solicitantes de asilo en Canarias’, 29 May 2025, available here; La Vanguardia, ‘Elma Saiz: “Hay voluntad clara de cumplir el auto del Supremo” sobre menores migrantes’, 31 May 2025, available here.

[22] 20 minutos, ‘El Supremo amenaza al Gobierno con multas si no garantiza la acogida de los mil menores solicitantes de asilo en Canarias’, 5 June 2025, available here.

[23] El Día, ‘Migraciones contacta con Canarias para iniciar el proceso de asumir a los menores que piden asilo’, 10 June 2025, available here; Canarias 7, ‘El Estado asumirá a los menores migrantes asilados’, 23 June 2025, available here; Público, ‘El Gobierno y Canarias acuerdan la acogida de menores refugiados para cumplir la orden del Supremo’, 23 June 2025, available here.

[24] Cadena Ser, ‘El plan del Gobierno para la acogida de menores migrantes: 800 plazas nuevas, pero todas en Canarias’, 22 June 2025, available here; Demócrata, ‘Acuerdo entre el Gobierno y Canarias para registrar a 827 menores migrantes en protección internacional’, 25 june 2025, available here; Europa Press, ‘El Gobierno pacta con Canarias dar de alta a 827 menores migrantes en el sistema de protección internacional’, 25 June 2025, available here; Canarias 7, ‘El Estado asumirá «de inmediato» a 827 menores asilados abriendo plazas de acogida en Gran Canaria’, 26 Juen 2025, available here.

[25] RTVE, ‘El Gobierno ofrece a Canarias 400 plazas en Madrid para los menores migrantes’, 1 July 2025, available here.

[26] Europa Press, ‘El Supremo reclama al Gobierno y Canarias informes periódicos y conjuntos con los avances en la acogida de menores’, 2 July 2025, available here; Público, ‘El Supremo ordena al Gobierno y a Canarias que informe cada 15 días sobre los menores solicitantes de asilo’, 2 July 2025, available here.

[27] Canarias 7, ‘Canarias no ve avances con los menores asilados y el Estado pide aval al Supremo para su traslado’, 16 July 2025, available here; Canarias denuncia que Interior acelera el rechazo del asilo a menores tras el auto del TS’, 15 July 2025, available here; El Diario, ‘Interior rechaza cerca de la mitad de las peticiones de asilo de menores de Canarias resueltas este año’, 19 July 2025, available here; RTVE, ‘El Supremo reitera al Gobierno que debe hacerse cargo de los menores de Canarias’, 24 July 2025, available here; El Supremo reitera al Gobierno que se haga cargo de los 1.000 menores migrantes que han pedido asilo’, 24 July 2025, available here.

[28] Noticias de Gipuzkoa, ‘El Gobierno acogerá a finales de julio en Canarias a los primeros 250 menores migrantes solicitantes de asilo, 9 July 2025, available here; RTVE, ‘El Gobierno de España anuncia que acogerá en julio en su red estatal de asilo a los primeros 250 menores migrantes’, 9 July 2025, available here; Canarias 7, ‘El Estado obvia Pozuelo y deja solo el Canarias 50 para los menores asilados: «Es un paso atrás»’, 8 July 2025, available here; Diario de Avisos, ‘El Estado asume desde mañana la acogida de los 100 primeros menores solicitantes de asilo desde Canarias’, 22 July 2025, available here; Canal 4 Tenerife, ‘Cincuenta chicos mayores de 16 años, primeros solicitantes de asilo transferidos al Estado’, 23 July 2025, available here; El Diario, ‘Migraciones empezará a derivar a la Península a menores solicitantes de asilo en 2 semanas’, 29 July 2025, available here; Confilegal, ‘El Supremo insta al Gobierno a dar «una pronta y completa integración» a los menores migrantes de Canarias’, 30 July 2025, available here; El Diario, ‘Más Madrid carga contra PP por “usar la infancia migrante” como “arma arrojadiza” y afea el cierre del CREADE de Pozuelo’, 31 July 2025, available here; Europa Press, ‘El Gobierno empezará el lunes el traslado de menores migrantes con ocho derivaciones a la Península’, 5 July 2025, available here; Cadena Ser, ‘Comienzan las derivaciones de menores solicitantes de asilo desde Canarias a la Península’, 11 August 2025, available here.

[29] El Diario, ‘El Gobierno retira una pancarta nazi frente al centro al que han sido trasladados los 10 primeros menores desde Canarias’, 12 August 2025, available here.

[30] El Diario, ‘La ministra de Migraciones asegura que no habrá “excepcionalidad” en las comunidades autónomas en la acogida de menores migrantes’, 6 August 2025, available here; El Diario, ‘Claves del traslado de menores refugiados desde Canarias: dos grupos por semana y centros pequeños’, 5 August 2025, available here. 

[31] Galicia Press, ‘Accem y CEAR aplauden el inicio de traslados de menores migrantes, piden responsabilidad y avisan: “El sistema es hostil”’, 6 August 2025, available here.

[32] El Diario, ‘El Gobierno de España aprobará 40 millones para la derivación de menores solicitantes de asilo desde Canarias’, 16 July 2025, available here; Diario de Sevilla, ‘El reparto de fondos para acoger a los niños migrantes, otro frente abierto entre la Junta y el Gobierno’, 24 July 2025, available here; Ceuta al Día, ‘España dedicará más de 33.000 euros a cada plaza de acogida de menor migrante’, 21 July 2025, available here.

[33] Gobierno de Canarias, ‘El Estado incumple, una vez más, con Canarias y no realizará más derivaciones a la Península esta semana’, 13 August 2025, available here.

[34] La Moncloa, ‘El Gobierno ultima un segundo traslado de menores no acompañados a la península esta semana’, 14 August 2025, available here; La Vanguardia, ‘El Gobierno trasladará este fin de semana otro grupo de cinco menores malienses a la península’, 14 August 2025, available here.

[35] El Diario, ‘Un grupo de nueve menores migrantes solicitantes de asilo viaja este jueves desde Canarias a la Península’, 21 August 2025, available here.

[36] La Vanguardia, ‘Otros 70 menores solicitantes de asilo saldrán de Canarias en los próximos días’, 28 August 2025, available here; Europa Press, ‘El Gobierno incrementará en septiembre el ritmo de traslados de menores migrantes solicitantes de asilo a la Península’, 27 August 2025, available here; Iustel, ‘El Gobierno prepara 110 plazas en varias CCAA en septiembre para menores solicitantes de asilo’, 29 August 2025, available here; Diario de Avisos, ‘Unos 20 menores migrantes viajan a la Península en el sexto traslado desde Canarias’, 31 August 2025, available here; Diario de Navarra, ‘El ministerio habilita un centro de menores migrantes en Ultzama’, 30 August 2025, available here; El Diario, ‘El Gobierno trasladará en octubre a otros 120 menores solicitantes de asilo desde Canarias a la península’, 23 September 2025, available here; Heraldo, ‘Nuevo recurso de Aragón contra el reparto de menores: “No tenemos capacidad para atenderlos”’, 3 September 2025, available here.   

[37] El Día, ‘Canarias suma 470 menores más bajo su cuidado desde el auto del Supremo’, 25 August 2025, available here; Canarias urge al Estado: «A este ritmo no podemos continuar, tenemos más de 900 menores asilados»’, 17 September 2025, available here; El Mundo, ‘El informe de la crisis de los menores que piden asilo: el Gobierno sólo saca de Canarias a uno de cada 20 tras cinco meses’, 2 September 2025, available here.

[38] Gobierno de Canarias, ‘Canarias logra que los menores de protección internacional sean valorados en los centros para agilizar su salida’, 8 October 2025, available here; El Día, ‘Canarias teme que la participación de Fiscalía en las entrevistas de menores ralentice las derivaciones’, 21 October 2025, available here; Gobierno de Canarias, ‘La Consejería de Presidencia refuerza la Fiscalía para agilizar la tramitación de expedientes de menores migrantes’, 10 October 2025, available here; La Provincia, ‘Los centros de menores critican la premura en el plan de reubicación de los niños con asilo’, 4 November 2025, available here.

[39] Canarias 7, ‘Canarias informa al Supremo del incumplimiento con los menores asilados: «Es desacato»’, 23 September 2025, available here; El Periódico, ‘Clavijo envía al Supremo un documento que evidencia el “desacato” del Gobierno al no acoger a menores migrantes que han pedido asilo’, 24 September 2025, available here.

[40] Canarias 7, ‘Solo tres de cada diez menores asilados quieren ser derivados a la península’, 9 September 2025, available here; El Diario, ‘El Gobierno central impartirá charlas sobre derecho de asilo a menores acogidos en centro de Canarias’, 9 September 2025, available here.

[41] El Periódico, ‘El Gobierno incumple con el 79% de los traslados de niños asilados prometidos, 30 September 2025, available here; Diario, de Avisos, ‘El Gobierno confirma 70 plazas para el traslado de menores migrantes desde Canarias a la Península, 30 September 2025, available here; El Diario, ‘El Gobierno reprocha a Canarias su “tardanza” en el papeleo necesario para trasladar a más menores refugiados a la península’, 14 october 2025, available here; Canarias duda que el Estado llegue a efectuar los 500 traslados de menores migrantes solicitantes de asilo: El Mundo, ‘”De los 946 expedientes resueltos, 200 han alcanzado la mayoría de edad”, 14 October 2025, available here; Gobierno de Canarias ‘Canarias, escéptica ante la nueva promesa del Estado de llegar a las 500 derivaciones totales de menores este mes’, 15 October 2025, available here; Europa Press, ‘CC denuncia “reiterados incumplientos” del Estado con el mandato del Tribunal Supremo sobre los menores asilados’, 23 October 2025, available here; TRVC, ‘20 menores migrantes solicitantes de asilo viajan esta semana desde Canarias a la Península’, 7 October 2025, available here.

[42] Canarias 7, ‘El Supremo da la razón a Canarias y da al Estado 15 días para asumir a los menores asilados, 23 October 2025, available here; Gobierno de Canarias, ‘Canarias valora la reacción del Estado tras el auto del Tribunal Supremo para el traslado de menores asilados’, 29 October 2025, available here; El Diario, ‘El Estado ultima esta semana la acogida de 567 menores que pidieron asilo en Canarias desde que se iniciaron los traslados’, 4 November 2025, available here; El Diario de Santiago, ‘El Gobierno acelera para garantizar plaza de acogida a todos los menores solicitantes de asilo antes del día 21’, 7 November 2025, available here.

[43] El Periódico, ‘El Gobierno espera incorporar a 88 menores migrantes al sistema de acogida antes del viernes para cumplir con el Tribunal Supremo’, 19 November 2025, available here; Diario de Avisos, ‘El Gobierno asegura que cumplirá con Canarias: confía en que 780 menores estén en acogida antes del viernes’, 18 November 2025, available here; El Diairo, ‘El Estado da por cumplida la orden del Supremo sobre los menores solicitantes de asilo’, 21 November 2025, available here; Canarias 7, ‘El Estado ha creado 817 plazas para menores con asilo: «Se ha cumplido el auto» del Supremo’, 22 November 2025, available here; Info Migrants, ‘Spain: Authorities transfer 679 unaccompanied migrant minors to mainland’, 24 November 2025, available here.

[44] El Mundo, ‘Clavijo apremia al Gobierno a trasladar a 2.700 menores migrantes a la península antes del 18 de marzo’, 3 November 2025, available here.

[45] El País, ‘El auto del Supremo sobre el asilo de menores migrantes plantea dudas sobre la tutela fuera de Canarias’, 1 December 2025, available here; Radio Televisión Canaria, ‘Canarias pide al Supremo que aclare la tutela de los menores que solicitan asilo’, 9 December 2025, available here.

[46] Canarias 7, ‘El Gobierno confirma que un menor asilado vuelve a las islas al ser rechazada su petición de protección internacional’, 5 December 2025, available here.

[47] Un centenar de menores rechaza el asilo por las carencias en los centros estatales’, 9 January 2026, available here.

[48] El Diario, ‘Casi cien menores migrantes han renunciado a la protección internacional para no salir de Canarias’, 14 January 2026, available here.

[49] Gobierno de Canarias, ‘Canarias recuerda a Migraciones que solo han salido 410 menores con asilo y 171 por las vías exprés y ordinaria’, 30 December 2025, available here.

[50] ACNUR, ‘La Agencia de la ONU para los Refugiados (ACNUR) alerta de que un número importante de los niños y niñas no acompañados que llegan a España lo hacen tras huir de conflictos armados, violencia o persecución en sus países de origen’, 5 November 2025, available here; Cuatro de cada cinco menores solicitantes de asilo trasladados desde Canarias son chicas’, 17 November 2025, available here.

[51] Plataforma de Infancia, ‘La infancia solicitante de protección internacional no acompañada tiene cinco veces más riesgo de sufrir problemas de salud mental’, 20 June 2025, available here.

[52] El País, ‘El Supremo da un mes al Gobierno para acoger a los menores no acompañados solicitantes de asilo en Madrid, 18.12.25, available here; Tele Madrid, ‘La Comunidad de Madrid exige al Gobierno que concrete “sin dilaciones” a dónde llevará a los menores solicitantes de asilo’, 19 December 2025, available here.

[53] Poder Judicial, ‘El Tribunal Supremo requiere al Gobierno que garantice el acceso al Sistema Nacional de Acogida a menores no acompañados solicitantes de asilo en servicios de acogida de la Comunidad de Madrid’, 18 december 2025, available here; The Objective, ‘El Supremo abre la puerta a que el Gobierno se haga cargo de todos los menas que piden asilo’, 22 December 2025, available here.

[54] 20 Minutos, ‘Madrid apremia al Gobierno a atender a los menores migrantes solicitantes de asilo antes de cumplir los 18 años’, 21 January 2026, available here.

[55] Information provided by Save the Children in February 2026.

[56] Information provided by UNHCR in March 2026.

[57] Consejo Económico y Social de España, ‘informe la realidad migratoria en España: prioridades para las políticas públicas. 01/2025’, December 2025, available here; RTVE, ‘Tres millones de niños en España son hijos de madre o padre de origen migrante, según un informe’, 12 November 2025, available here.

[58] Plataforma de Infancia, ‘Análisis de la primera acogida de la «infancia separada» en España. Preocupaciones y recomendaciones’, February 2026, available here.

[59] Europa Press, ‘Centenares de personas se concentran en Castro contra el centro de menores’, 1 March 2026, available here.

[60] Information provided by Save the Children in February 2026.

[61] Information provided by Save the Children in February 2026.

[62] Info Migrants, ‘’A child needs more than food and shelter’: The fate of unaccompanied minors on the Canary Islands’, 1 January 2021, available at: https://bit.ly/3smhuZd.

^[63] El SaltoDiario, ‘Urge garantizar los derechos de la infancia migrante que llega a Canarias, apuntan las organizaciones’, 6 November 2023, available at: https://tinyurl.com/yut8awyx.

^[64] Amnistía Internacional, ‘AI: Canarias/ Nueva investigación: Niños y niñas que viajan solos detenidos junto a adultos y con sus pertenencias confiscadas’, 3 November 2023, available at: https://tinyurl.com/ycyeetme.

^[65] Diario de Canarias, ‘Acuerdo unánime para distribuir entre las comunidades autónomas a 450 menores migrantes llegados a Canarias’, 11 October 2023, available at: https://tinyurl.com/57ame5jr

[66] EFE, ‘Canarias inicia el proceso para intentar el reparto obligatorio de los menores migrantes’, 11 February 2024, available at: https://tinyurl.com/mrn3bu5f. 

[67]  El Diario, ‘Canarias pide al Gobierno de España que interceda en la atención a la población migrante’, 21 December 2024, available here; E-noticies, ‘El Gobierno quiere obligar a las comunidades autónomas a acoger menores inmigrantes’, 3 January 2024, available here; El Diario, ‘Qué hacer con los menores que llegan a Canarias’, 2 February 2024, available here.

[68] Canarias 7, ‘Gabilondo: «El reparto de los menores no puede dirimirse en una reunión de tarde»’, 24 February 2024, available here.

[69] Infobae, ‘El Gobierno pide la implicación de las comunidades en la acogida de menores inmigrantes’, 16 April 2024, available here; EFE, ‘Siete ministerios se reúnen para buscar una fórmula de reparto de menores inmigrantes’, 16 April 2024, available here.

[70]  Cadena Ser, ‘Pilar Cancela: “Es absolutamente ridículo pactar el reparto de 300 menores, eso ¿qué resuelve?”’, 21 July 2024, available here; Associated Press, ‘Thousands of migrant kids have reached the Canary Islands alone. Local officials want Spain’s help’, 23 July 2024, available here.

[71] El Diario, ‘Acnur pide a los grupos parlamentarios un pacto de “responsabilidad compartida” en la acogida de menores migrantes’, 9 July 2024, available here; Tercera Información, ‘ACNUR pide a los parlamentarios solidaridad y responsabilidad para reforzar la protección de menores migrantes y refugiados’, 10 July 2024, available here; Cadena Ser, ‘”Son niños que huyen de guerras y hambrunas”: Save The Children reclama un reparto responsable de los menores migrantes’, 9 July 2024, available here; El País, ‘El Defensor del Pueblo instó en julio al Gobierno a que abriese centros de recepción de menores migrantes ante el aumento de llegadas en Canarias’, 5 September 2024, available here.

[72] 20 Minutos, ‘Meses de negociación para una “solidaridad obligatoria”: el Gobierno presenta a Canarias su plan final de reparto de menores migrantes’, 22 April 20224, available here; Alfa y Omega, ‘
Acuerdo entre Canarias y el Gobierno central para derivar 2.500 menores a otras autonomías’, 23 April 2024, available here; Canarias 7, ‘Las ONG celebran el acuerdo entre Estado y Canarias en el reparto de menores migrantes’, 23 April 2024, available here.

[73]  Noticias Obreras, ‘El plan del Gobierno para acoger a menores migrantes frustrado por los cálculos partidistas’, 24 July 2024, available here.

[74]  Boletín Oficial del Estado, ‘Real Decreto-ley 2/2025, de 18 de marzo, por el que se aprueban medidas urgentes para la garantía del interés superior de la infancia y la adolescencia ante situaciones de contingencias migratorias extraordinarias’, 18 March 2025, available here.

[75] El Salto Diario, ‘El Gobierno aprueba la distribución de menores migrantes no acompañados entre las comunidades autónomas’, 18 March 2025, available here; Jefatura del Estado, ‘Real Decreto-ley 2/2025, de 18 de marzo, por el que se aprueban medidas urgentes para la garantía del interés superior de la infancia y la adolescencia ante situaciones de contingencias migratorias extraordinarias’, 18 March 2025, available here; la Moncloa, ‘Rego defiende la necesidad de garantizar los derechos universales de la infancia migrante que llega a España’, 19 March 2025, available here; ABC, ‘Clavijo convoca al ‘Pacto Canario por la Inmigración’ para explicar el acuerdo de menores migrantes’, 19 March 2025, available here; El Plural, ‘Las CC.AA han esperado hasta el último día para comunicar al Gobierno la cifra de menores migrantes que atienden’, 30 March 2025, available here; Accem, ‘Posicionamiento de Accem sobre el acuerdo para la distribución autonómica de los menores migrantes no acompañados’, 21 March 2025, available here; La Vanguardia, ‘UNICEF celebra el acuerdo para reubicar a menores y pide colaborar a todas las comunidades’, 18 March 2025, available here; La Vanguardia, ‘Organizaciones de infancia temen que el reparto de menores migrantes no garantice “una acogida digna y respetuosa”, 20 March 2025, available here; Diario de Avisos, ‘ONGs de infancia piden garantizar una acogida digna y respetuosa a los menores migrantes’, 21 March 2025, available here; El Faro de Melilla, ‘Cuestionan la legalidad del decreto para repartir a menores migrantes entre autonomías’, 21 March 2025, available here.

[76] El Diario Montañez, ‘Cantabria recurrirá el decreto que regula el reparto de menores migrantes’, 19 March 2025, available here; Onda Cero, ‘Baleares estudiará si es posible rechazar el reparto de menores migrantes’, 18 March 2025, available here.

[77] El Salto Diario, ‘Varias comunidades recurren ante el Constitucional la distribución de menores migrantes no acompañados’, 2 April 2025, available here; El Plural, ‘Madrid y Aragón se rebelan contra el reparto de menores migrantes que impulsa el Gobierno’, 28 April 2025, available here.

[78] Heraldo, ‘El TSJ de Madrid admite a trámite el recurso presentado por Aragón para frenar el reparto de menores’, 1 April 2025, available here; Diario de Avisos, ‘Canarias, decepcionada por los obstáculos de algunas comunidades al reparto de los menores migrantes’, 22 May 2025, available here. 

[79] El Día, ‘Infancia convoca a las comunidades para presentar el sistema de reparto de menores’, 23 June 2025, available here Andalucía y Madrid acogerán a casi la mitad de los menores migrantes de Canarias’, July 2025, available here; 2º minutos, ‘El Gobierno de Madrid se opone al traslado de menores migrantes “para salvar al sanchismo”’, 5 July 2025, available here; La Sexta, ‘Así quedaría el reparto de menores migrantes de Rego: Euskadi no recibiría ninguno y Cataluña lo haría de forma voluntaria’, 4 July 2025, available here; RTVC, ‘Reunión del Gobierno con las autonomías para el reparto de menores migrantes’, 8 July 2025, available here.

[80] El Periódico, ‘El Gobierno acelera para iniciar los traslados de menores migrantes a finales de agosto: “La ley se va a cumplir”’, 22 July 2025, available here; Iustel, ‘Medidas a adoptar en situaciones de contingencia migratoria extraordinaria para la protección del interés superior de la infancia y la adolescencia migrante no acompañada’, 23 July 2025, available here.

[81] RTVE, ‘El Gobierno aprueba el decreto para reubicar a 3.000 menores migrantes desde Canarias, Ceuta y Melilla’, 22 July 2025, available here; Diario Ley, ‘Real Decreto que establece el procedimiento para la acogida de la infancia migrante no acompañada’, 23 July 2025, available here; Cadena Ser, ‘El reparto de menores migrantes por España es inminente: este es el calendario del Gobierno’, 23 July 2025, available here.

[82] El Salto Diario, ‘El Gobierno aprueba el Real Decreto que obliga a las comunidades a acoger a menores migrantes no acompañados’, 27 August 2025, available here; Cadenas Ser, ‘Andalucía será la comunidad que más menores migrantes acoja tras la aprobación del nuevo decreto’, 26 August 2025, available here.

[83] Cauta Actualidad, ‘Ceuta activará el traslado de menores migrantes a la península en un máximo de quince días desde su llegada’, 29 August 2025, available here.

[84] Iustel, ‘Aragón recurrirá el “reparto forzoso de menores”, pero cumplirá la ley y trabajará en su llegada’, 27 August 2025, available here; El Periódico, ‘El Gobierno impondrá la ley a las autonomías del PP rebeldes al reparto de menores’, 27 August 2025, available here; Crónica Digital, ‘El Govern se ofrece a acoger en Cataluña a 31 jóvenes migrantes no acompañados’, 13 September 2025, available here.

[85] RTVE, ‘Baleares solicita al Supremo suspender cautelarmente los traslados de menores migrantes no acompañados’, 6 October 2025, available here.

[86] La Vanguardia, ‘El Gobierno del PP recurre las resoluciones para trasladar otros dos menores migrantes a Cantabria’, 27 November 2025, available here; El Diario, ‘Canarias recuerda al Estado que el hacinamiento de los menores no se soluciona con más centros en las islas’, 17 November 2025, available here; Ifomo, ‘El Gobierno de Cantabria recurre otra resolución para trasladar a un menor migrante desde Canarias’, 30 December 2025, available here,

[87] El Digital Sur, ‘Canarias envía 300 expedientes de los menas y exige al Estado iniciar la derivación’, 22 September 2025, available here; Público, ‘El Gobierno realiza el primer traslado de un menor migrante a través de la reubicación obligatoria entre comunidades’, 29 September 2025, available here.

[88]El Pueblo de Ceuta, ‘Ceuta ha distribuido entre otras autonomías a 242 menores migrantes’, 26 January 2026, available here; El País, ‘La reubicación en la Península de menores migrantes llegados a Canarias apenas alcanzó el 30% el año pasado’, 23 January 2026, available here; Diario de Avisos, ‘Torres certifica el traslado de 877 menores y urge a Canarias a entregar los expedientes de reubicación’, 23 January 2026, available here.

[89] El País, ‘El Supremo rechaza la petición de Madrid para frenar la llegada de menores migrantes desde Ceuta y Canarias’, 21 January 2026, available here; cadena Ser, ‘Canarias acoge a 3.790 menores migrantes: “El recurso de Madrid es postureo político”’, 22 January 2026, available here; Europa Press, ‘Comunidad recuerda que los decretos para el reparto forzoso de menores siguen recurridos y subraya que atiende a 120’, 21 January 2026, available here.

[90] Gobierno de Canarias, ‘Canarias pedirá actuar a la Fiscalía si una comunidad autónoma se niega a acoger a menores migrantes’, 3 February 2026, available here; Diario de Avisos, ‘Luz verde al traslado de 671 menores migrantes: Canarias tiene 5 días para ejecutar su salida a la Península’, 19 February 2026, available here.

[91] Noticias 8 Islas, ‘Canarias remite los primeros expedientes de menores mientras el Estado plantea extender el Real Decreto a los que piden asilo’, 3 September 2025, available here; Gobierno de Canarias, ‘El Estado plantea aplicar el Real Decreto para trasladar desde Canarias a los menores con protección internacional’, 3 September 2025, available here.

[92] Canarias 7, ‘Infancia destina 13 millones a los territorios en contingencia migratoria, 5 a Canarias’, 10 October 2025, available here; Diario Palmero, ‘Canarias recibe 5 millones de euros para reforzar la atención a la infancia migrante’, 28 October 2025, available here.

[93] Diario de Avisos, ‘Fraude millonario en Canarias: desvían más de 2,4 millones de fondos europeos destinados a centros de menores extranjeros’, 25 October 2025, available here.

[94] La Moncloa, ‘La ministra de Juventud e Infancia subraya la necesidad de mejorar el sistema de acogida’, 7 November 2025, available here.

[95] El País, ‘El Gobierno aprueba la transferencia de 100 millones para atender a los menores migrantes de Canarias’, 16 December 2025, available here.

[96] Gobierno de Canarias, ‘Canarias amplía en 36,7 millones la partida para la atención de los menores migrantes no acompañados’, 1 December 2025, available here.

[97] El Mundo, ‘El Gobierno ha reubicado por las autonomías a casi un millar de menores migrantes desde Canarias, Ceuta y Melilla’, 29 December 2025, available here; El País, ‘Canarias informa que hasta ahora se han derivado a 581 menores migrantes’, 30 December 2025, available here; La Moncloa, ‘Más de 800 menores migrantes no acompañados han sido reubicados ya en centros estatales y autonómicos de todo el país’, 13 January 2026, available here.

[98] Radio Televisión Canaria, ‘Canarias cierra 2025 con un descenso del 62 % en la llegada de migrantes’, 2 January 2026, available here.

[99]  Information provided by Save the Children in February 2026.

[100] Information provided by Save the Children in February 2026.

[101] El País, ‘El PP bloquea la negociación sobre los menores migrantes y la condiciona a un cambio de política migratoria’, 5 December 2024, available here; Gobierno de Canarias, ‘Canarias urge al Estado a resolver la situación de los menores solicitantes de asilo’, 4 December 2024, available here; El Diario, ‘Vuelven las negociaciones sobre la acogida obligatoria de menores migrantes sin que el PP garantice su apoyo’, 4 December 2024, available here; Euractiv, ‘Sánchez, centre-right, failed to reach a deal on ‘solidarity sharing’ of migrant minors’, 6 December 2024, available here.

[102] Europa Press, ‘Save the Children reclama una estrategia integral para la “inclusión efectiva” de la infancia y juventud migrante’, 12 December 2024, available here.

[103] Amnistía Internacional, ‘Niños que temen ser adultos: El fracaso del sistema para proteger a los y las menores migrantes llegados a Canarias’, 16 January 2025, available here.

[104] Amnistía Internacional, ‘Menores migrantes en Canarias: documentamos denuncias de violencia y castigos excesivos contra niños en centros de acogida saturados’, 18 March 2025, available here; Huffington Post, ‘Amnistía Internacional documenta violencia, excesos y descoordinación en la gestión de la infancia migrante’, 18 March 2025, available here; El Diario, ‘Amnistía Internacional denuncia ”castigos excesivos” y falta de inspecciones en los centros de menores migrantes de Canarias’, 18 March 2025, available here.

[105] Euractiv, ‘Sánchez to seek urgent fix for Canary Islands migration crisis’, 10 January 2025, available here.

[106  Canarian Weekly, ‘Canarian government extends emergency measures as youth reception centres are at 123% capacity’, 24 February 2025, available here.

[107]  Demócrata, ‘Amnistía Internacional critica los macrocentros de menores en Canarias y señala la descoordinación’, 11 July 2025, available here; Amnistía Internacional, ‘A día de hoy no tengo nada. El fracaso del sistema para proteger a los y las menores llegados a Canarias’, 18 March 2025, available here.

[108] Amnistía Internacional, ‘La situación de los derechos humanos en el mundo: abril de 2025’, 28 April 2025, p. 197, available here.

[109] Info Migrants, ‘Migrant minors center in the Canary Islands seized, ten arrested’, 21 May 2025, available here.https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/64681/migrant-minors-center-in-the-canary-islands-seized-ten-arrested

[110] Save the Children, ‘Cruzando fronetras’, 18 June 2025, available here.

[111] Canarias7, ‘El TSJC ratifica la condena a un policía que humilló a una persona migrante en Tenerife’, 23 December 2025, available here.

[112 Human Rights Watch, ‘World report 2026. Spain. Events of 2025’, February 2026, available here.

[113] Canarias 7, ‘Excluyen a los menores migrantes del fútbol base, solo se federa a los asilados’, 16 February 2026, available here.

[114]  Info Migrants, ‘Spain: Three former employees of center for migrant minors arrested on allegations of child abuse’, 5 march 2026, available here.

[115] Maldita Migración, ‘Narrativas desinformadoras y cómo te la cuelan con bulos sobre pateras e inmigrantes que llegan a las costas españolas’, 30 August 2024, available here.

[116] Navarra.es, ‘El Gobierno de Navarra denuncia la aparición de pintadas ultras en la oficina de los servicios de atención a la población migrante’, 3 February 2025, available here.

[117] El País, ‘El alcalde de Oviedo acusa sin fundamento a un migrante de un crimen machista y pide minutos de silencio para los hombres’, 2 February 2025, available here.

[118] Cordópolis, ‘El alcalde de Córdoba critica la campaña de Vox contra los migrantes: “No tiene nada que ver con nuestro pensamiento”, 27 February 2025, available here; Córdoba Hoy, ‘El PSOE llevará a la Fiscalía la campaña de Vox contra los migrantes por vulnerar la Ley de Igualdad de Trato y No Discriminación’, 24 February 2025, available here.

[119] El Diario, ‘El Gobierno vasco condena unas pintadas xenófobas en una oficina de atención jurídica al migrante en Irún’, 25 February 2025, available here.

[120] Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones, ‘El Oberaxe incorpora la inteligencia artificial para combatir el discurso de odio gracias al convenio entre LALIGA y el Ministerio de Migraciones’, 11 March 2025, available here.

[121] El Periódico de Canarias, ‘Accem señala un aumento de incidentes de odio y situaciones discriminatorias, especialmente en vivienda, empleo y salud’, 21 March 2025, available here.

[122] Por un trabajo digno – UGT, ‘CEDRE alerta sobre la discriminación étnico-racial en el acceso a la vivienda’, 28 March 2025, available here.

[123] Por un trabajo digno – UGT, ‘El Foro para la Integración Social de los Inmigrantes reclama más medidas contra la discriminación racial’, 25 March 2025, available here.

[124] UGT,’UGT denuncia que las trabajadoras del hogar continúan sufriendo discriminación por razón de género’, 30 March 2025, available here.

[125] La Vanguardia, ‘La Guardia Civil investiga a Núcleo Nacional por incitar a la “lucha” contra la “invasión” migrante’, 1 April 2025, available here.

[126]  La Provincia, ‘Condenada por delito de odio tras insultos racistas a un migrante en pleno centro de Tenerife’, 2 April 2025, available here.

[127]  El País, ‘“Tu negocio será la ruina del pueblo”: los mensajes de odio contra un hotel de Ciudad Real que iba a acoger a 116 migrantes’, 1 April 2025, available here.

[128] Newtral, ‘Quién es Isabel Peralta, la líder “neonazi” juzgada por un delito de odio contra inmigrantes y musulmanes’, 3 April 2025, available here.

[129] CEAR, ‘CEAR condena el ataque islamófobo en Puerto Real y exige medidas contra los delitos de odio’, 15 April 2025, available here.

[130] Cadena Ser, ‘CEAR alerta de que los discursos xenófobos de los políticos aumentan los delitos de odio’, 12 April 2025, available here.

[131] Cadena Ser, ‘Dos de cada tres personas migrantes LGTBI+ sufren discriminación en Baleares, según un estudio’, 15 April 2025, available here.

[132] Amnistía Internacional, ‘La situación de los derechos humanos en el mundo: abril de 2025’, 28 April 2025, p. 197, available here.

[133] La Vanguardia, ‘La Audiencia de Valencia juzga este miércoles a un exinspector de Policía por racismo’, 24 June 2025, available here.

[134] Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones, ‘El Gobierno aprueba el nombramiento de Dª María Teresa Verdugo como Autoridad Independiente para la Igualdad de Trato y la No Discriminación’, 9 June 2025, available here.

[135] SOS Racismo, ‘Informe anual sobre el racismo en el estado español 2025’, 1 July 2025, available here.

[136] Cadena ser, ‘Ultras llegados de otras ciudades salen “a cazar” migrantes y convierten Torre Pacheco en un campo de batalla’, 12 July 2025, available here; La Sexta, ‘Supuestas fotografías de los agresores, un falso comunicado del Ayuntamiento culpando a los migrante… los bulos que alientan a la violencia’, 13 July 2025, available here;

[137] Europa Press, ‘Asociaciones marroquíes y árabes en España sobre Torre Pacheco: “El clima de terror no surge de la nada”, 14 July 2025, available here; Tercera Información, ‘La sociedad civil se levanta contra el racismo y la xenofobia tras las algaradas fascistas de Torre Pacheco: Convocada concentración el 17 de julio’, 15 July 2025, available here; La Moncloa, ‘Comunicado del CEDRE ante la escalada de incitación al odio y violencia xenófoba’, 15 July 2025, available here; CEAR, ‘CEAR se une a las movilizaciones contra el racismo y la xenofobia tras los sucesos acaecidos en Torre Pacheco’, 15 July 2025, available here;  OIM, ‘OIM condena toda forma de violencia, discriminación y discurso de odio contra la población migrante’, 16 July 2025, available here.

[138] Politico, ‘Spanish police arrest 9 after weekend anti-migrant violence’, 14 July 2025, available here; La Guardia Civil detiene al líder del grupo racista ‘Deport Them Now’ por instigar “cacerías” en Torre Pacheco’, 15 July 2025, available here.

[139] Público, ‘La Fiscalía abre diligencias contra el presidente de Vox en Murcia e investiga publicaciones en redes’, 15 July 2025, available here.

[140] EPE, ‘Una esvástica y mensajes xenófobos aparecen cerca del centro de migrantes de Alcalá’, 7 July 2025, available here; El Diario, ‘Los ataques xenófobos y de odio se multiplican en Alcalá de Henares tras una violación que se atribuye a un migrante’, 12 July 2025, available here.

[141] El Diario, ‘Vox plantea abiertamente un “proceso” de expulsión “masiva” de migrantes’, 7 July 2025, available here; Europa Press, ‘Abascal aclara que Vox quiere deportar a “todos” los migrantes que “hayan venido a delinquir” y a los menores’, 8 July 2025, available here; Newtral, ‘Cuántos extranjeros viven en España y en que se basó de Meer para hablar de ocho millones’, 10 July 2025, available here.

[142]  European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI), ‘ECRI report on Spain. (sixth monitoring cycle)’, 30 October 2025, available here.

[143] 20 minutos, ‘Detenido en Gijón por incitar al odio contra los “Menores no acompañados” con pancartas con simbología nazi’, 10 September 2025, available here; La Policía investiga un ataque con explosivos contra un centro que acogerá a 80 menores migrantes en Lugo’, 20 September 2025, available here.

[144]El País, ‘Unos encapuchados agreden a dos residentes de un centro de menores en Madrid’, 1 September 2025, available here; Público, ‘La Delegación del Gobierno en Madrid prohíbe la concentración de Vox frente al centro de menores migrantes de Hortaleza’, 2 September 2025, available here. 

[145] Europa Press, ‘El Gobierno afirma que las manifestaciones ante centro de menores migrantes buscan amedrentar a residentes y empleados’, 26 October 2025, available here. 

[146] El Diario, ‘La extrema derecha y dirigentes del PP agitan la xenofobia tras la detención por violación de un menor migrante’, 1 September 2025, available here; Europa Press, ‘Más Madrid carga contra “aquelarre del odio de Vox” con la infancia migrante mientras “agacha orejas con los fuertes”’, 3 September 2025, available here; La Sexta, ‘El lenguaje del odio: cómo Abascal usa cinco palabras para satanizar al migrante y atacar a PSOE y PP’, 1 September 2025, available here.

[147] La Moncloa, ‘Rego valora los avances en la protección de la infancia migrante no acompañada frente a “discursos racistas”’, 3 September 2025, available here.

[148] Ministerio de Incusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones, ‘Migraciones se reúne con las plataformas digitales para hacerles entrega del informe anual de discursos de odio racistas y xenófobos en redes’, 19 September 2025, available here.

[149] Diario de Avisos, ‘Desmienten un bulo sobre una agresión sexual por un migrante en La Laguna’, 6 September 2025, available here.

[150] Diario de Avisos, ‘Rudy Ruymán, denunciado por la Fiscalía por incitar presuntamente al odio contra los migrantes’, 16 October 2025, available here.

[151] CEAR, ‘CEAR atiende a más de 130 personas que han sufrido racismo y xenofobia este año a través del proyecto ‘Alza la Voz’, 13 November 2025, available here.

[152] El PSOE reclama en el Congreso más cooperación con plataformas digitales para atajar los discursos de odio contra migrantes’, 6 Decmber 2025, available here.

[153] SOS Racismo, ‘Informe anual 2025. Expresiones de racismo y violencia contra las trabajadoras del hogar y de cuidados en el Estado español”, December 2025, available here. 

[154] Human Rights Watch, ‘World report 2026. Spain. Events of 2025’, February 2026, available here.

[155] Público, ‘Llamar a un migrante “negro de mierda” es un delito de odio: el TS fija criterio sobre los insultos racistas’, 17 February 2026, available here.

[156] Generalitat Valenciana, ‘La Generalitat pone en marcha la nueva Oficina Valenciana de Inclusión para la atención especializada de la población migrante y víctimas de discriminación’, 26 February 2026, available here.

[157] El Diario, ‘Catalunya impone la primera sanción por racismo inmobiliario a una agencia que se negó a alquilar a un hombre marroquí’, 9 February 2026, available here.

[158] Público, ‘Los mensajes racistas aumentaron un 22% en redes sociales tras el anuncio de la regularización de migrantes’, 5 March 2026, available here.

[159]  Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones, ‘Cerca del 60% de los contenidos analizados por OBERAXE presentan una visión deshumanizada de las personas extranjeras. Boletín febrero’, 19 March 2026, available here.

[160] Foro para la Integración Social de los Inmigrantes, ‘Declaración del Foro para la Integración Social de los Inmigrantes con motivo del Dia Internacional de la Eliminación de la Discriminacion Racial’, 21 March 2026, available here.

[161] Cadena Ser, ‘Organizaciones piden en València el fin de los controles policiales racistas: “A mis alumnos los detenían casi cada día”’, 22 March 2026, available here.

[162] CEAR, ‘INFORME 2024. Las personas refugiadas en España y Europa’, June 2024, p. 125, available here.

^[163] Ibidem, p. 120.

^[164] La Moncloa, ‘El Gobierno aprueba el proyecto de ley para la igualdad de las personas trans y la garantía de los derechos LGTBI’, 27 June 2022, available at: https://bit.ly/3zvLEPi.

^[165] Amnesty International, ‘AI: ley LGBTI, o cuando el DNI tiene que ver con los derechos humanos’, 2 November 2022, available at: https://bit.ly/40CTpyt.

^[166]  FELGTBI+, see: https://felgtbi.org/.  

^[167] La Vanguardia, ‘La Felgtbi+ exige garantizar el cambio registral de género a las personas trans migrantes, al margen de su situación administrativa’, 16 December 2022, available at: https://bit.ly/436jzeE.

[168] Boletín Oficial del estado, ‘Ley 4/2023, de 28 de febrero, para la igualdad real y efectiva de las personas trans y para la garantía de los derechos de las personas LGTBI’, March 2023, available at: https://tinyurl.com/m88ftbnp.

[169] La Moncloa, ‘El número de refugiados en España por razón de orientación sexual crece un 2,5% desde 2022’, 27.6.2025, available here.

[170] El Periódico de España, ‘Ser trans, negra y migrante, una carrera de obstáculos en España: “No nos alquilan habitaciones porque creen que somos trabajadoras sexuales”’, 13 September 2025, available here.