Author
Although in 2024 a needs assessment was carried out in 50% of the monitored vulnerable cases, such assessment was missing for the other remaining half (50%) of the monitored cases of asylum seekers, who were falling within the definition of the law.[1] Thus, in practice the vulnerability assessment and support plans were missing in half of the monitored cases. It also means that due to the missing or misplaced vulnerability assessment documents the case workers were unable to properly account their specific situation when determining the asylum application. Therefore, these circumstances could be easily omitted and not taken into consideration by caseworkers in their decision-making process.
The law excludes the application of the Accelerated Procedure to unaccompanied asylum-seeking children, but not to torture victims.[2]
Despite the 2015 reform of the law which stripped the statutory social workers of the child protection services from the responsibility to represent unaccompanied children in asylum procedures (see Legal Representation of Unaccompanied Children), their obligation to provide a social report with an opinion on the best interests of the child concerned in every individual case remains nonetheless under the provisions of general child care legislation.[3] In 59% of the cases monitored in 2024, these reports were either not produced, or not communicated to the SAR’s caseworkers for further consideration.[4] In addition, in 55% of the monitored cases the statutory social workers of the ASA have carried out any intervention during the interview they attended, while in the remaining 45% of the cases their presence has been without any actions, participation or intervention carried out to clarify the case or support the child.[5]
At the end of 2017, the National Legal Aid Bureau – the national body assigned to provide state sponsored legal aid, – received funding under the AMIF national programme to commence for the first time ever in Bulgaria the provision of legal aid to asylum seekers during the administrative phase of the asylum procedure.[6] Legal aid under this 80,000 € pilot project was implemented until 31 January 2021 and was limited to the vulnerable applicants for international protection.[7] The project was extended until 31 July 2021 (see Regular Procedure: Legal Assistance). After the end of the project, the National Legal Aid Bureau agreed to continue representing vulnerable applicants under its general rules, which would require the asylum seekers to fill in and submit complicated legal aid applications. The non-governmental organisation Bulgarian Helsinki Committee funded by UNHCR assisted the NLAB with the adaptation and translation of the legal aid forms in English, French, Russian, Arabic, Farsi, Dari, Pashto, Urdu, Kurdish and Turkish languages in order to enable the access to legal aid of vulnerable applicants. A problem persists, however, for those who are illiterate and where the assistance of case workers is the only way to get access to legal aid. Yet, some of them are reluctant to grant access to legal aid as it would mean that their role in and quality of the procedure would be assessed. Similar to 2022 and 2023, in 2024, beyond unaccompanied children, legal aid was not provided to any other vulnerable asylum seekers at first instance.[8] This represents a deterioration in comparison to 2021, when 50 asylum seekers were provided legal aid, and 2020, when 818 asylum seekers were provided aid.[9] Other asylum seekers, i.e. who are not considered as vulnerable, did not enjoy access to legal aid at the first instance of the asylum procedure.
In 2022, the Minister of Labour and Social Policy approved[10] a coordination mechanism for interaction between the authorities and organisations working on cases of unaccompanied migrant children separated from their families in Bulgaria, including children seeking and/or receiving international or temporary protection.[11] However, this coordination mechanism was neither endorsed, nor signed by any other ministry or government agency, including SAR, therefore it is not formally binding or applied in practice, except by SAR, which indicated[12] to be applying in practice some of the Coordination mechanism’s provisions when registering unaccompanied children.
[1] §1(17) Additional Provisions, LAR.
[2] Article 71(1) LAR.
[3] Article 15(4) and (6) Law on Child Protection.
[4] Bulgarian Helsinki Committee, 2024 Annual RSD Monitoring Report, 31 January 2025, available at: https://bit.ly/3Jkd3t0.
[5] Ibid.
[6] National Legal Aid Bureau, ‘Обява за конкурс за адвокати за работа по проект’, 29 January 2018, available in Bulgarian at: http://bit.ly/2DP376C.
[7] Ibid.
[8] SAR, reg. №АД-07-7 from 14 January 2025.
[9] SAR, reg. №РД05-40 from 16 January 2023.
[10] Ministry of Labor and Social Policy (MLSP), Order №РД-06-6 from 18 April 2022.
[11] MLSP, Order No. RD-06-6 of 18 April 2022.
[12] SAR 123rd Coordination meeting, held on 1 June 2023.