Author
BIPs, both recognised refugees and subsidiary protection holders have access to the national social welfare system Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI) at the same level and under the same conditions that apply to nationals. The only exception is the requirement of having five years of legal and continued residence in Cyprus, from which BIPs are exempted. All applicants of GMI are required to reside in the government-controlled areas of RoC. Other than that, there are no requirements to reside in a specific place or region.
The Deputy Ministry of Welfare, and specifically the Welfare Benefit Administration Service (WBAS), is the authority responsible for the administration of the GMI. In practice applicants for GMI, both nationals and BIPs, face long delays in the examination of their application and throughout 2021, 2022 and 2023 most cases took 12 months or more to receive a decision.
In 2024, the time required to examine a GMI application including the rental allowance was reduced from 12 months to 6-7 months, however the period remained challenging for BIPs. Even in cases of vulnerable persons or homeless persons, it is rare the application is examined faster.[1]
During the examination of the GMI application, an emergency allowance is provided which varies from district to district and is extremely low, at about € 100-150 for one person per month and approximately € 150-280 for a family per month. The amount cannot be determined in advance and depends on the amount that is provided to the Welfare Office every month by the Deputy Ministry of Welfare. Furthermore, the examination of the emergency application takes approximately 1-3 weeks and is subject to the approval of the supervisor of the welfare office. The application is valid only for one month and must be submitted every month, until the decision for the GMI is issued. The delays in the examination of GMI applications have a serious negative impact on living standards and integration efforts and in some instances lead to homelessness.[2]
In 2024, 161 applications were submitted for GMI by persons with refugee status and 145 applications by persons with subsidiary protection status (each application is submitted by the family head and represents the whole family unit). A total of 31 new applications by persons with refugee and/or subsidiary protection status were approved in 2024. Overall, in 2024, a total of 167 beneficiaries (families) with refugee status and 348 with subsidiary protection status (families) received the GMI benefit.[3]
For BIPs, this period is extremely difficult, as all the benefits received as an asylum applicant are immediately terminated upon issuance of a decision on the asylum application. According to an internal SWS circular, BIPs should continue to receive MRC for two months after the decision granting international protection is issued, but this policy is not widely applied, and it has been observed to take place only in very few vulnerable cases.[4]
Since 2020, in order to provide rent allowances, GMI requires a copy of the property title by the owner, rental agreements containing taxation stamps if the amount exceeds €5000, two witnesses signing the agreement as well as providing their ID numbers and an electricity utility bill in the name of the tenant. Transfer of the electricity bill in the tenant’s name costs €50 provided that the person’s name is included in the catalogues of GMI recipients sent to the Electricity Authority by the GMI Services, otherwise the cost is €300. Due to delays in examining the GMI applications, a BIPs who will be eventually approved will not be included in those catalogues before several months elapse. Therefore, transfer of the account on their name will take place afterwards, which results in additional delays in receiving rent allowances.[5]
During 2022, complaints concerning the ability of BIPs to open/maintain an account, and as a result receiving GMI benefits, persisted, although at a lower rate compared to previous years. The main issues identified involve documents required by banks, (utility bills in the name of the applicant, rent contract signed by two Cypriot citizens, police record from country of origin, passport), significant delays in concluding the procedures, discrepancies in bank account opening policy between branches/officers, and the requirement for the applicant to speak good Greek/English.
Additionally, from 2021 onward it was observed that banks limit the number of accounts owned by BIPs to one per person. Although one bank account is sufficient for receiving GMI, it is disruptive for disabled persons because disabled BIPs who are dependent on other persons (typically children but also adults not in a position to act independently) have a separate GMI file and a joint bank account is required, with co-owners being the disabled person and the carer. In those situations, the banks typically ask existing clients to close their personal account before opening a joint one, which is a source of additional delays as it often requires resubmission of documents, and re-examination of the applicant’s details.
Regarding the verification of identity and residence for BIPs, the Central Bank of Cyprus and the association of credit institutions adopted the law 64 (I)2017 which transposed Directive 2014/92/EU on the comparability of fees related to payment accounts, payment account switching, and access to payment accounts with basic features (Payments Accounts Directive). In February 2019, the Central Bank released the “Directions/Instructions to Credit Institutions in Accordance with the Article 59(4) of the Prevention and Control Revenues from Illegal Activities for 2007-2018)”.[6] Articles 16 and 17(4) stress the right of accessing basic bank accounts without any discrimination against consumers legally reside in the European Union, for reasons such as their nationality or place of residence.
It is also indicated that if a credit institution has valid doubts regarding the originality of the documents, it should not contact any governmental agency or credit institution from the country of origin of the person but an appointed department in Cyprus.
With regard to the verification of the address of an applicant, credit institutions may visit the applicants’ residence, or use other documents, such as a recent utility bill,[7] documents issued by the State or an affidavit.[8]
Following interventions by UNHCR and NGOs, as well as meetings between Central Bank, Asylum Service, and SWS, the situation has improved. Despite this, issues remain, mainly concerning the time needed for processing applications for opening an account, the requirement of submitting a criminal record certificate, and the requirement for a valid residence permit. The frequency of the occurrence of those obstacles still depends heavily on the branch or the Bank officer handling the individual claim and calls for more efforts towards a comprehensive and uniform Bank practices. Furthermore, the abovementioned consultations mainly involve four private Banks in Cyprus, which engaged in the dialogue, out of the 29 credit Institutions registered in Cyprus.
[1] Information provided by Cyprus Refugee Council.
[2] Information provided by Cyprus Refugee Council.
[3] Information provided by Welfare Benefit Administration Service.
[4] Based on cases represented by the Cyprus Refugee Council.
[5] Information provided by Cyprus Refugee Council.
[6] Directive to Credit Institutions in accordance with no. 59(4) of the Laws of 2007 to 2018 on the Prevention and Combating of Money Laundering from Illegal Activities «Οδηγία προς τα Πιστωτικά Ιδρύματα σύμφωνα με το αρ.59(4) των Περί της Παρεμπόδισης και καταπολέμησης της Νομιμοποίησης Εσόδων από παράνομες δραστηριότητες Νόμων του 2007 Εως 2018», February 2019, available in Greek at: https://bit.ly/3eVIxXF.
[7] Article 126 Directive to Credit Institutions in accordance with no. 59(4) of the Laws of 2007 to 2018 on the Prevention and Combating of Money Laundering from Illegal Activities
Άρθρο 126, «Οδηγία προς τα Πιστωτικά Ιδρύματα σύμφωνα με το αρ.59(4) των Περί της Παρεμπόδισης και καταπολέμησης της Νομιμοποίησης Εσόδων από παράνομες δραστηριότητες Νόμων του 2007 Εως 2018», February 2019, available at: https://bit.ly/3eVIxXF: “Πέραν από την εξακρίβωση του ονόματος, εξακριβώνεται και η διεύθυνση μόνιμης κατοικίας του πελάτη με ένα από τους πιο κάτω τρόπους: (i) επίσκεψη στον τόπο κατοικίας (σε μια τέτοια περίπτωση θα πρέπει να ετοιμάζεται και καταχωρείται στο φάκελο του πελάτη σχετικό σημείωμα από το λειτουργό του πιστωτικού ιδρύματος που πραγματοποίησε την επίσκεψη), (ii) η προσκόμιση ενός πρόσφατου (μέχρι 6 μήνες) λογαριασμού Οργανισμού Κοινής Ωφέλειας (π.χ. ηλεκτρικού ρεύματος, νερού), ή έγγραφο ασφάλειας κατοικίας, ή δημοτικών φόρων ή/και κατάστασης τραπεζικού λογαριασμού. Η διαδικασία εξακρίβωσης της ταυτότητας ενός πελάτη ενισχύεται εάν το εν λόγω πρόσωπο έχει συστηθεί από κάποιο αξιόπιστο μέλος του προσωπικού του πιστωτικού ιδρύματος ή από άλλο υφιστάμενο αξιόπιστο πελάτη ή τρίτο πρόσωπο γνωστό σε προσωπικό επίπεδο στη διεύθυνση του πιστωτικού ιδρύματος. Λεπτομέρειες τέτοιων συστάσεων πρέπει να σημειώνονται στον προσωπικό φάκελο του πελάτη.”
[8] Article 136 Directive to Credit Institutions in accordance with no. 59(4) of the Laws of 2007 to 2018 on the Prevention and Combating of Money Laundering from Illegal ActivitiesΆρθρο 136, (i) «Οδηγία προς τα Πιστωτικά Ιδρύματα σύμφωνα με το αρ.59(4) των Περί της Παρεμπόδισης και καταπολέμησης της Νομιμοποίησης Εσόδων από παράνομες δραστηριότητες Νόμων του 2007 Εως 2018», Φεβρουάριος 2019. https://bit.ly/3eVIxXF: “Με τη διεύθυνση που αναγράφεται σε ένα από τα επίσημα έγγραφα για τα οποία γίνεται αναφορά στην παράγραφο 133 και που μπορεί να αντιπροσωπεύει ακόμα και την προσωρινή διεύθυνση του προσώπου που αιτείται την έναρξη επιχειρηματικής σχέσης (π.χ. ενός κυβερνητικού κέντρου υποδοχής αιτητών πολιτικού ασύλου ή ενός μη-κυβερνητικού οργανισμού που βοηθά το εν λόγω πρόσωπο). (ii) Με ένορκη δήλωση της διεύθυνσής τους καθώς και της υποχρέωσης να ενημερώσουν το πιστωτικό ίδρυμα, το συντομότερο δυνατόν, σε περίπτωση αλλαγής της διεύθυνσής τους.”