Author
A foreigner who has expressed their intention to seek asylum in Serbia, as well as a person who lodged their asylum application shall have the right to be informed about their rights and obligations throughout the asylum procedure.[1]
The provision of relevant information, as well as something which can be considered as legal orientation is a primary task of the State and relevant police stations and police departments in which foreigners who might be in need of international protection should be the first line of information provision. Still, the reality has shown that information for refugees and migrants is provided by an entire set of state and non-state actors.
The main entry points to Serbia are from North Macedonia on the south and Bulgaria on the east. For that reason, and especially with regards to people coming from North Macedonia, the first place where persons in need of international protection can receive information is the RC in Preševo. However, and taking into consideration the fact that Serbia is facilitating pushback operations, it would be highly unlikely that refugees and asylum seekers would consider border police departments as places where they could obtain information on the asylum procedure in Serbia.
Another reality in practice is that most of the foreigners go directly to reception facilities in Belgrade or in border areas with EU countries (at least until November 2023). Thus, in most instances, they tend to avoid initial reception facilities, but also police departments in which they could be registered and potentially provided with legal information.
Thus, most of the information is provided in reception facilities in Belgrade, although many CSOs and international organizations also distribute information leaflets in all other reception facilities and outside official reception facilities. Basically, UNHCR, IOM and around 5 CSOs have designed their own leaflets and posters, which are multilingual, adapted to the special needs of children or other vulnerable categories and others.
However, the fact that only 193 out of 108,808[2] foreigners recorded entering Serbia decided to apply might also be in part due to issues regarding the quality of information provision and legal orientation. Nevertheless, most people on the route through Serbia already have their migratory project, with a country of destination in mind, which might be one of the main drivers not to stay. All information sessions came down to the distribution to technical information and leaflets and group counselling which apparently yielded no results in 2023.
Police departments around Serbia tasked with issuing the registration certificates have started to provide information through State-developed leaflets. According to the information provided by the members of the Asylum Office, these leaflets were distributed to all police departments in January 2023. However, these leaflets have also yielded limited results having in mind that the number of asylum applicants in 2023 was on a record low level.
As for persons in need of international protection who are detained by police forces on the grounds of their irregular stay in border areas, if not pushed back, it is unclear to which extent they are provided with access to rights of persons deprived of their liberty. CSOs, as well as UNHCR do not have access to these people, nor these people in practice are provided with the information on their right to apply for asylum. This conclusion is drawn from the relevant legal framework and the Rulebook on Police Powers which governs the provision of information to persons deprived of their liberty and which does not explicitly prescribe the responsibility of acting police officers to inform detained foreign nationals of their right to apply for asylum.[3]
[1] Article 56(1) Asylum Act.
[2] Information obtained from CRM.
[3] Rulebook on Police Powers, Official Gazette no. 41/2019 i 93/2022, available in Serbian at: https://bit.ly/2JOilh1.